Management of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting sugar beet as affected by certain bacterial and fungal suspensions

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to study the nematicidal activity of Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus and Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, T.viride and T. vierns against nematode parameters of Meloidogyne incognita infecting sugar beet. Experiment I was conducted to test B. subtilis, B. megaterium, B. pumilus and P. fluorescens, T. harzianum , T. viride and T. vierns as single treatment. T. vierns highly reduced the galls number by 74%, followed by B. pumilus (73%), T. viride (73%), B. subtilis and T. harzianum (71%), B. megaterium (71%) and P. fluorescens (60%). Also, T. vierns caused the highest percentages reduction of egg-masses numbers (80%), followed by B. pumilus, T. harzianum and T. viride that caused 74%, B. megaterium (68%), B. subtilis (65%) and P. fluorescens (61%), respectively. Experiment II was conducted to test T. vierns and B. pumilus as single treatment at doses of 10, 20 and 30ml/pot. Results showed that treatments significantly reduced the number of J2, galls and egg-masses by 79 – 95; 61 – 78 and 64 - 87%, compared to 97; 80 and 88% with Micronema®, respectively. The treatments ,also, by T. vierns and B. pumilus enhanced the length of shoot, fresh and dry weight of shoot, tuber weight and TSS% content of sugar beet. Experiment III revealed that T. vierns and B. pumilus when applied at both times of treatments reduced the numbers of J2; galls and egg-masses by 86 - 96; 68-81 and 69 - 89%, compared to 97; 79 and 87% with Micronema®, respectively. T. vierns when applied at one and/or second times was effective in enhancing the growth parameters viz., length of shoot, fresh and dry weight of shoot and  root (Tuber) weight as well as TSS% content than B. pumilus

Brassica vegetable leaf residues as promising biofumigants for the control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting cowpea

Abstract:  Under screenhouse conditions , two mashed leaves of plants belonging to the genus Brassica, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) and kohlrabi (Brassica caulorapa   L.) were used as pre-and at sowing biofumigants at 20g/pot for managing root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)compared to metam potassium and metam sodium as chemical biofumigants as well as untreated check. It was found that, in general, there was a positive correlation between the time of the addition of the plant residue (10 and 5 days before sowing and at sowing time) and the percentage final nematode population reduction i.e., the highest percentages final nematode reduction (70.4 and 82.1%) oc­curred when Brassica oleracea and B. caulorapa residues were added, 10 days before sowing, respectively compared to those (61.9 and 61.1%) occurred after the respective residues were added at sowing time. Also, plant growth and yield(pods and seeds) criteria of cowpea plants behaved the same trend