Hearing ‎ Testimony in English Law

This research aims to compare the hearing testimony of English law with hearing testimony in Islamic Sharia. The article uses comparative ‎analytical descriptive method by ‎comparing English law as a basis ‎with Islamic law. ‎The data were collected from secondary data extracted from books, scientific journal, and websites. the result showed that the testimony on hearing is not in place of the incident to be proven, but rather the ‎opinion of the people in this incident. Also, English law defines several types of testimony on hearing, the most important of which ‎are: ‎ Oral testimony on hearing, certificate written on the auscultation, and certification of tolerance through a specific behavior.‎ The reserch provide some recommendations including the adoption of the testimony of tolerance in the Iraqi Evidence Law, in the manner of Islamic ‎Sharia and by proposing a legal article as:‎ It is permissible to accept the testimony of what people hear, in cases of lineage, death, ‎and marriage, and in what the witness did not suffer. Finally, the witness’s testimony is accepted if he is told by two just men, or a man and two ‎women, who he trusts.

Using Agency Theory in Understanding Switching Behavior in B2B Service Industries “I”

Understanding switching behavior is a cornerstone in sustaining customer led marketing efforts especially in services which depend on long-term relationships with the customers and where the switching process is compound and costly for both the customer and the service provider. The issue of understanding the motives and barriers behind agency-brand switching behavior still needs further conceptual support and empirical investigation in service industries context, where the emphasis placed on investigating the actual switching motives without trying to conceptualize the issue, which if done will result in better understanding for the whole switching process. In this paper, the authors attempt to bridge this gap in the literature by examining the criterion validity of the switching behavior model using the agency theory, as the relation between the business company (principle) and an Advertising agency (the agent) could be described as agency relationship. Furthermore, this approach helps in supporting the efforts for retaining the business-to-business customers, strengthening the relationship with them, developing and adopting globally integrated customer led strategies in different countries, a trend which is expected to dominate the marketing field in the future due to the increasing role of the agency brand selection and switching in today’s world markets.Brand switching, agency theory, business to business marketing, service marketing, international advertising research

Foliar-applied Amcoton® and potassium thiosulfate enhances the growth and productivity of three faba beans varieties by improving photosynthetic efficiency

Amcoton® [a mixture of 0.45% naphthalene acetic acid and 1.25% naphthalene acetamide] and potassium thiosulfate (KTS) play a crucial role in growth and productivity enhancement of faba beans plants. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of Amcoton® and KTS foliar application on growth, yield, and photosynthetic efficiency in three faba beans varieties (i.e. Giza-843, Nubaria-3, and Sakha-4) during 2016-17 and 2017-18 seasons. Results exhibited that Amcoton® and/or KTS significantly increased growth indices (e.g., plant height, number of leaves and branches, leaves area, shoot dry weight), yield component, and chlorophylls contents and photosynthetic efficiency in comparison with untreated control plants. Giza-843 showed significantly higher growth and productivity when compared to Nubaria-3 and Sakha-4. Seed yield significantly positive correlated with leaves area, chlorophyll content, plant height, number of branches, pods and seeds per plant, pod dry weight and biological yield. Results obtained through this study highlighted the potential impact of Amcoton® and/or KTS on enhancing the growth and productivity of faba beans plants by improving leaf chlorophylls contents and photosynthetic efficiency

A Local Action of Neurotrophin-3 Prevents the Death of Proliferating Sensory Neuron Precursor Cells

AbstractThe role of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in early development of the dorsal root ganglion was investigated. Excessive cell death in the dorsal root ganglion of mice that carry a deleted NT-3 gene (NT-3−/− mice) preceded the period of programmed cell death, detected by the TUNEL method, and caused a reduction in the number of proliferating precursors without altering the proportion of proliferating cells to total number of neurons. Furthermore, the majority of proliferating cells detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation also stained with the TUNEL method. NT-3 mRNA was expressed locally in the embryonic, but not the postnatal dorsal root ganglion. Most cultured early embryonic NT-3−/− neurons died in the absence of exogenous NT-3 as did the wild-type neurons when cultured with NT-3 neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that NT-3 acts locally to prevent the death of proliferating sensory precursor cells during neurogenesis. Thus, NT-3 may inflict constraints on the number of proliferating precursor cells and thereby affect the number of neurons generated during development of the peripheral nervous system