In-vitro susceptibility of multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to organic acids

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a classic opportunistic pathogen with innate resistance to many antibiotics anddisinfectants. Resistance to antimicrobial agents makes it the most noxious organism to eliminate from infection site. Inview of its antimicrobial resistance, an attempt was made to study its susceptibility to various organic acids.Methods: Seven clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to multiple antibiotics were subjected to in vitro susceptibilityto various organic acids by broth dilution method to find out susceptibility to various organic acids.Results: The isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to 14 antimicrobials were found susceptible to one percent oxalic acidand trichloroacetic acid, two percent lactic acid and citric acid, and three percent acetic acid. It is interesting to note thatstrains resistant to multiple antibiotics were also found susceptible to organic acids. Oxalic acid and trichloroacetic acidwere found highly effective.Conclusions: Clinical use of oxalic acid, trichloroacetic acid and lactic acid as topical agents to treat superficial pseudomonalinfections caused by difficult strains of P. aeruginosa may be recommended after confirmation of their toxicityand in vivo efficacy in animal models. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 3(2): 67-70Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance, Susceptibility to Organic Acid

DEVELOPMENT OF AMORPHOUS BINARY AND TERNARY SOLID DISPERSIONS OF NATEGLINIDE FOR IMPROVED SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION

Objective: Nateglinide is a commonly used oral hypoglycemic, biopharmaceutical classification system Class II drug, which shows relatively poor water solubility and variable bioavailability. The objective of the present investigation was to develop the binary and ternary solid dispersions of nateglinide for improved solubility and dissolution. Methods: Nateglinide solid dispersions were prepared by a common solvent evaporation method. Polymers like soluplus, kolliphor P188, sylloid 244FP, gelucire 48/16, affinisol (HPMCAS), HPβCD, βCD were used in different combinations. The physicochemical characterization of the optimized ternary dispersion was studied by using FT-IR, DSC, and PXRD. Solubility and dissolution behavior of all dispersions were studied. Result: From all prepared ternary solid dispersions, nateglinide dissolution was significantly faster than pure nateglinide. With ternary solid dispersion of NTG, soluplus and kolliphor P188 there was a big improvement in solubility and dissolution. This combination enhanced the solubility of NTG by 23 folds. Another ternary dispersion of NTG with soluplus and gelucire 48/16 enhanced solubility by 25 fold. Conclusion: Ternary solid dispersion found superior over binary dispersions. For the ternary dispersions, showing the best solubility, tablets were prepared. Dissolution and drug release from the formulated tablet was as good as a marketed product

A Validated HPTLC Method for Determination of Ondansetron in Combination with Omeprazole or Rabeprazole in Solid Dosage Form

A simple, precise, accurate and rapid high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ondansetron combinations in solid dosage form with omeprazole and rabeprazole, respectively. The method involved separation of components by TLC on a precoated silica gel 60 F254 using a mixture of dichloromethane:methanol (9:1) as a mobile phase. Detection of spots was carried out at 309 nm and 294 nm for ondansetron with omeprazole and ondansetron with rabeprazole combinations, respectively. The mean retardation factor for ondansetron and omeprazole were found to be 0.42±0.02, 0.54±0.03, respectively while for ondansetron and rabeprazole, 0.41± 0.02 and 0.51±0.02, respectively. The linearity and range was 0.1 to 0.5 μg/spot for three drugs. The method was validated for precision, accuracy and reproducibility

Evaluation of release retarding property of gum damar and gum copal in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

The formulations consisting of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic material were investigated for effect on drug-release pattern from the matrices. Gum damar and gum copal being water-insoluble were used to study the efficiency of combined matrices to sustain the release of drug. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M and diclofenac sodium were used as the hydrophilic material and model drug, respectively. The influence of concentration of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on drug release pattern of hydrophobic material was determined. The optimum ratio of drug: polymer was found to be 1:1. The hydrophobic:hydrophilic polymer ratio of 75:25 was found to have a similar release pattern as that of marketed formulation. At this ratio, the initial burst-release that occurred in individual hydrophobic matrices was lowered to a great extent. The release of drug was found to follow Higuchi′s equation as the concentration of hydrophobic material was increased. The formulations were compared with marketed formulation Voveran SR, and a correlation was drawn accordingly

Formulation and Characterization of Montelukast Sodium Mouth Dissolving Film Using Cress Seed Mucilage

There is a rising interest in the development of orodispersible films (ODFs) as an alternative to fast dissolving tablets which is attributed to their faster dissolution rate, higher durability, and better patient compliance. Owing to its rheological and also various functional properties, many researchers tried to discover some of the pharmaceutical applications of L. sativum in the development of various dosage forms, in addition to its therapeutic studies, such as binding, dissolving, gelling and sustained release dosage form. The fast-dissolving oral film of the Montelukast sodium by using Cress seed mucilage (CSM) and HPMC (15cps) is prepared by solvent casting method.  The fast-dissolving oral film evaluated for folding endurance, surface pH, in-vitro disintegration time, drug content and in-vitro drug release. The physical appearance and folding endurance properties were found to be reasonably good and electron microscopy shows that films are clear, colorless with smooth surface.The drug content of all the films was in the range suggesting that drug was uniformly dispersed throughout all films. The present study was an attempt to develop and evaluate an oral fast dissolving drug delivery system using cress seed mucilage as a film former. Keywords: Orodispersible film, Montelukast sodium, Cress seed mucilage, HPM