Les accidents de cyclomoteurs: mécanismes lésionnels et aspects anatomo-cliniques

Le but de notre étude est de décrire les mécanismes lésionnels et les aspects anatomo-cliniques des  traumatismes par accident de cyclomoteur. C'est une étude transversale menée au niveau du Centre  Hospitalier Régional de Kaffrine sur une période de 12 mois. Elle portait sur les patients admis au service d'accueil pour accident de la voie publique impliquant un cyclomoteur. Il s'agissait de 129 patients (112  hommes et de 17 femmes). L'âge moyen était de 30,5 ans. Soixante-treize patients étaient conducteurs de cyclomoteur, 31 piétons et 25 passagers arrière. Le mécanisme le plus fréquent était une chute de moto. Les lésions prédominaient au niveau des membres. Les accidents de cyclomoteur sont un problème de santé publique.Key words: Cyclomoteur, lésion, mécanisme, cliniqu

ENSO impact on northwest African upwelling

One of the most robust ENSO teleconnections is that linking SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific and Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) in boreal spring. While the role played by the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback in maintaining the ENSO-related SST anomalies over the TNA is well understood, many questions remain open about the signature of this ENSO teleconnection on the northwest African upwelling system and its role for the further response during the spring season along the whole TNA. This issue is analyzed here in both observations and CGCM models with different nominal resolution (CMIP6 HighResMIP simulations). In particular, the relevance of the mean state variability in the tropical Atlantic for modulating the northwest African upwelling response to ENSO has been assessed in depth. Furthermore, and considering the exceptional ecological importance of this upwelling area, the ENSO-related influence on the spatio-temporal variability of round sardinella (the dominant fish species in terms of abundance) has been also analyzed. To this aim, an end-to-end strategy which combines models of physics (hydrodynamic), lower trophic levels (nutrient-plankton) and upper trophic levels (sardinella), is used. All these analyses highlight from both climate and ecological perspectives, the relevance of better understanding the ENSO-northwest African upwelling teleconnection.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The profession of Bailiffs : quantitative and economic Analysis of the evolution of the profession, the regulation of the activities and the market of legal services

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE entre la Chambre Nationale des huissiers de justice et l'université Paris Dauphine. Afin de doter la profession d'huissier de justice d’arguments quantitatifs et qualitatifs pour mener à bien les différentes actions et anticiper les évolutions relatives à la profession, nous proposons dans ce projet de thèse d'analyser la démographie des offices d'huissier, leur localisation, leur structures, la sensibilité de l'activité de ces professionnels à la conjoncture. Ce projet s'engage également à évaluer l'équilibre économique des offices, au regard de règles de tarification complexes et enfin d'analyser la régulation du marché des services juridiques.This thesis joins within the framework of a CIFRE agreement between the National Chamber of the bailiffs and the Paris Dauphine university. To endow the profession of bailiff of quantitative and qualitative arguments to bring to a successful conclusion the various actions and anticipate the evolutions relative to the profession, we suggest in this project of thesis analyzing the demography of bailiff's services, their localization, structure them, the sensibility of the activity of these professionals in the situation. This project also makes a commitment to estimate the balance in the economy of services, with regard to complex rules of pricing and finally to analyze the legal regulation of the services market

La profession d’Huissiers de Justice : analyse quantitative et économique des évolutions de la profession, de la régulation des activités et du marché des services juridiques

This thesis joins within the framework of a CIFRE agreement between the National Chamber of the bailiffs and the Paris Dauphine university. To endow the profession of bailiff of quantitative and qualitative arguments to bring to a successful conclusion the various actions and anticipate the evolutions relative to the profession, we suggest in this project of thesis analyzing the demography of bailiff's services, their localization, structure them, the sensibility of the activity of these professionals in the situation. This project also makes a commitment to estimate the balance in the economy of services, with regard to complex rules of pricing and finally to analyze the legal regulation of the services market.Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE entre la Chambre Nationale des huissiers de justice et l'université Paris Dauphine. Afin de doter la profession d'huissier de justice d’arguments quantitatifs et qualitatifs pour mener à bien les différentes actions et anticiper les évolutions relatives à la profession, nous proposons dans ce projet de thèse d'analyser la démographie des offices d'huissier, leur localisation, leur structures, la sensibilité de l'activité de ces professionnels à la conjoncture. Ce projet s'engage également à évaluer l'équilibre économique des offices, au regard de règles de tarification complexes et enfin d'analyser la régulation du marché des services juridiques

Use of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) as a means of determining the location of waste management infrastructure and urban cleanliness facilities in Touba Mosque

Marked by a very strong demographic growth, rampant urbanization, and a dynamic economy, the city of Touba is also experiencing new consumption patterns (retail sale, fast food, popular use of disposable textiles, etc.), once prevalent in the world's largest cities. These elements are among other decisive and essentially responsible factors for the significant amount of waste produced in this city. This proliferation of waste, which is accompanied by the multiplication of illegal and recurrent dumping sites, justifies on one hand, the need to disseminate waste management infrastructure in this city so as to maximize waste collection activity, on the other hand to bring the population closer to this public service, which is waste collection. Thus, the usage of solutions offered by GIS seems essential to model a justified distribution of these infrastructures. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the current spatial distribution of urban cleanliness equipment in Touba and to concretely explore GIS solutions that will enable optimal distribution of these waste management infrastructures through Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). The methodological approach used in this research is quantitative, with the development of a questionnaire using Kobotoolbox to collect information on the urban equipment deployed in the city of Touba Mosque, but also technical, with the explanation of the various processes used to carry out the MCA. The results of this study have shown that the city of Touba is facing a high production of waste, hence the presence in several locations of waste management infrastructure (IGD). The audit of the dissemination of urban cleanliness equipment shows that it does not rely on justified selection criteria regarding the locations of the sites where the IGDs should be located. This is why the idea of using the MCA method has been proposed, which makes it possible to identify favorable or suitable sites for the implementation of IGDs and urban cleanliness furniture

A Climatological study of the mechanisms controlling the seasonal meridional migration of the Atlantic Warm Pool in an OGCM

International audienceThe tropical Atlantic Warm Pool is one of the main drivers of the marine intertropical convergence zone and the associated coastal Northeast Brazilian and West-African monsoons. Its meridional displacement is driven by the solar cycle, modulated by the atmosphere and ocean interactions, whose nature and respective proportions are still poorly understood. This paper presents a climatological study of the upper ocean and lower atmosphere contributions to the warm pool seasonal migration, using an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM). First, we provide quantitative, albeit simple, pieces of evidence on how the large amplitude of migration in the west, compared to the east, is mainly due to the strong east–west contrast of the background meridional SST gradient intensities, which is maintained by equatorial and eastern tropical upwellings. Our main results consist first in identifying a diagnostic equation for the migration speed of the two meridional boundary isotherms of the Warm Pool, expressed in terms of the various mixed-layer heat fluxes. We then evidence and quantify how, in general, the migration is forced by air–sea fluxes, and damped by ocean circulation. However, remarkable controls by the ocean are identified in some specific regions. In particular, in the northwestern part of the Warm Pool, characterized by a large temperature inversion area, the boreal spring northward movement speed depends on the restitution of the solar heating by the thermocline. Additionally, over the southern part of the Warm Pool, our study quantifies the key role of the equatorial upwelling, which, depending on the longitude, significantly accelerates or slows down the summer poleward migration

ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SPATIAL EXPANSION IN SECONDARY CITIES: THE CASE OF KÉBÉMER (NORTHWEST SENEGAL)

This article explores the spatial dynamics of secondary cities in Senegal, whose evolutionary processes differ from those of former regional cities. Specifically, the commune of Kébémer has experienced significant spatial expansion since the late 1970s, primarily due to drought that led to agricultural decline and rural exodus. These phenomena, combined with other factors, have contributed to a remarkable spatial dynamic. The objective of this research is to trace the evolution of spatial expansion in Kébémer and analyze its causes. The study's methodology is based on a literature review as well as quantitative and qualitative surveys. This approach has highlighted the path of spatial dynamics in this secondary city by analyzing the trajectory of Kébémer’s spatial evolution and the determining factors of its spatial extension

On the spatial coherence of rainfall over the Saloum delta (Senegal) from seasonal to decadal time scales

International audienc

Atmospheric Response to SST in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic in July-August

International audienceThe sea surface temperature (SST) in the EasternTropical Atlantic is characterized by a strong seasonalcycle. The SST becomes very warm in boreal summer inthe north, off Senegal / Mauritania, while a seasonal coldtongue takes place in the south, around the Equator.Along the zonally-extended SST maximum, theIntertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) corresponds to aregion of surface wind convergence and intenseprecipitation.The aim of this study is to document the SST control onthe seasonal evolution of the ITCZ latitude with aregional atmospheric model (WRF), by manuallyremoving any SST warming (« Frozen North ») orcooling (« Frozen South ») from June in the easternTropical Atlanti

Atmospheric Response to SST in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic in July-August

International audienceThe sea surface temperature (SST) in the EasternTropical Atlantic is characterized by a strong seasonalcycle. The SST becomes very warm in boreal summer inthe north, off Senegal / Mauritania, while a seasonal coldtongue takes place in the south, around the Equator.Along the zonally-extended SST maximum, theIntertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) corresponds to aregion of surface wind convergence and intenseprecipitation.The aim of this study is to document the SST control onthe seasonal evolution of the ITCZ latitude with aregional atmospheric model (WRF), by manuallyremoving any SST warming (« Frozen North ») orcooling (« Frozen South ») from June in the easternTropical Atlanti