Variation of dimethylsulfide mixing ratio over the Southern Ocean from 36°S to 70°S

AbstractAtmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS) was measured to investigate the variation in its concentration over sea ice free oceans and sea ice regions of the Southern Ocean, using a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) on board the icebreaker Shirase from 1 December 2009 to 16 March 2010. In general, DMS concentrations over sea ice regions were very low compared with those over the sea ice free ocean. However, abrupt increases in DMS concentrations occurred over sea ice regions while the ship was moving and crushing the sea ice. Undoubtedly, the elevated DMS concentrations were caused by large DMS emissions from gaps in the ice made by the ship. During the period when Shirase had anchored off Syowa Station (69°00.4′S, 39°35.3′E), Antarctica, DMS concentrations were not detected. At this time, the surrounding sea of East Ongul island, on which Syowa Station is located, was completely covered with multi-year fast ice. Sea ice probably inhibits DMS emission from the ocean to the atmosphere. In addition, there was no evidence that chlorophyll a concentration in the sea water or wind speed above the sea surface affect atmospheric DMS concentrations over the sea ice free ocean regions

Single-Conductor Transmission-Line Model for Bent Wire Structures

A bend in a single-conductor line is a primary cause of radiation associated with the antenna mode; conversely, the radiation is fed back, resulting in attenuation and distortion of the current waveform. Despite being a fundamental phenomenon, its dynamics have not been sufficiently characterized. Therefore, this study presents a single-conductor transmission-line model for bent wire structures comprising multiple straight elements by using the local variables of charge per-unit-length and current along a thin conductor. The proposed model is validated over a wide frequency range using the method of moments. The total charge and current distributions that an external field induces on a bent structure are classified into three components: the scattering source distribution, traveling wave corresponding to the Sommerfeld mode, and radiation reaction. These components suggest an overall field-line coupling process: initially, an external electromagnetic field induces a scattering current in the structure, which in turn drives traveling and radiation-reaction currents at the ends, resulting in propagation along the line accompanied by radiation losses. The presented model is advantageous for designing electromagnetic phenomena corresponding to antennas and metamaterials and for addressing electromagnetic interference problems using passive circuit elements. A case study that makes use of the precise and descriptive model is included to predict the field emissions associated with the antenna mode around a bend

First clinical experience with IVR-CT system in the emergency room: Positive impact on trauma workflow

Recently, computed tomography (CT) has gained importance in the early diagnostic phase of trauma care in the emergency room. We implemented a new trauma workflow concept with CT in our emergency room that allows emergency therapeutic intervention without relocating the patient. Times from patient arrival to CT initiation, CT end, and definitive intervention were significantly shorter with our new protocol than were those with the conventional CT protocol. Our new workflow concept, which provides faster time to definitive intervention, appears to be effective

Aerosol nucleation observed in JARE51

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　共通セッション「海氷圏の生物地球化学」 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロ

Anxiolytic-like effects of hochuekkito in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice involve interleukin-6 inhibition

Hochuekkito (HET) is a Kampo medicine used to treat postoperative and post-illness general malaise and decreased motivation. HET is known to regulate immunity and modulate inflammation. However, the precise mechanism and effects of HET on inflammation-induced central nervous system disorders remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of HET on inflammation-induced anxiety-like behavior and the mechanism underlying anxiety-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Institute of Cancer Research mice were treated with LPS (300 mu g/kg, intraperitoneally), a bacterial endotoxin, to induce systemic inflammation. The mice were administered HET (1.0 g/kg, orally) once a day for 2 weeks before LPS treatment. The light-dark box test and the hole-board test were performed 24 h after the LPS injection to evaluate the effects of HET on anxiety-like behaviors. Serum samples were obtained at 2, 5, and 24 h after LPS injection, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in serum were measured. Human and mouse macrophage cells (THP-1 and RAW264.7 cells, respectively) were used to investigate the effect of HET on LPS-induced IL-6 secretion. The repeated administration of HET prevented anxiety-like behavior and decreased serum IL-6 levels in LPS-treated mice. HET significantly suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells. Similarly, glycyrrhizin, one of the chemical constituents of HET, suppressed LPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors. Our study revealed that HET ameliorated LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior and inhibited IL-6 release in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, we postulate that HET may be useful against inflammation-induced anxiety-like behavior

TRAIL Team Description Paper for RoboCup@Home 2023

Our team, TRAIL, consists of AI/ML laboratory members from The University of Tokyo. We leverage our extensive research experience in state-of-the-art machine learning to build general-purpose in-home service robots. We previously participated in two competitions using Human Support Robot (HSR): RoboCup@Home Japan Open 2020 (DSPL) and World Robot Summit 2020, equivalent to RoboCup World Tournament. Throughout the competitions, we showed that a data-driven approach is effective for performing in-home tasks. Aiming for further development of building a versatile and fast-adaptable system, in RoboCup @Home 2023, we unify three technologies that have recently been evaluated as components in the fields of deep learning and robot learning into a real household robot system. In addition, to stimulate research all over the RoboCup@Home community, we build a platform that manages data collected from each site belonging to the community around the world, taking advantage of the characteristics of the community

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for septic shock in patients receiving emergency drainage for acute pyelonephritis with upper urinary tract calculi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common complication of ureteral obstruction caused by urolithiasis, and it can be lethal if it progresses to septic shock. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing emergency drainage and assessed risk factors for septic shock.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A retrospective study was performed of 98 patients (101 events) requiring emergency drainage at our urology department for obstructive APN associated with upper urinary tract calculi from January 2003 to January 2011. Clinical characteristics were summarized, and risk factors for septic shock were assessed by logistic regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Objective evidence of sepsis was found in 64 (63.4%) events, and 21 events (20.8%) were categorized as septic shock. Ninety-six patients recovered, but 2 patients died of septic shock. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and the presence of paralysis were independent risk factors for septic shock.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>APN associated with upper urinary tract calculi is a severe disease that should be treated with caution, particularly when risk factors are present.</p

Oxygen isotopes of anhydrous primary minerals show kinship between asteroid Ryugu and comet 81P/Wild2

The extraterrestrial materials returned from asteroid (162173) Ryugu consist predominantly of low-temperature aqueously formed secondary minerals and are chemically and mineralogically similar to CI (Ivuna-type) carbonaceous chondrites. Here, we show that high-temperature anhydrous primary minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites exhibit a bimodal distribution of oxygen isotopic compositions: 16O-rich (associated with refractory inclusions) and 16O-poor (associated with chondrules). Both the 16O-rich and 16O-poor minerals probably formed in the inner solar protoplanetary disk and were subsequently transported outward. The abundance ratios of the 16O-rich to 16O-poor minerals in Ryugu and CI chondrites are higher than in other carbonaceous chondrite groups but are similar to that of comet 81P/Wild2, suggesting that Ryugu and CI chondrites accreted in the outer Solar System closer to the accretion region of comets

シラセ トウサイ ヨウ コンテナ ジッケンシツ ノ ガイヨウ

2009年に就航した新「しらせ」には,改造した20 ftコンテナを船上実験室として搭載するスペースが確保された.第51次日本南極地域観測隊では,このコンテナ実験室の内部に大気中の硫化ジメチル濃度を測定するためのプロトン移動反応質量分析計を収納し,観測を実施した.本稿では,コンテナ実験室の概要と今後改良すべき点等について報告する.A portable laboratory, made from a modified 20 feet-long cargo container,was newly installed on the observation deck of the RV Shirase on her maiden voyage to the Antarctic during 2009-2010. The laboratory was used to measure the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (e.g., dimethyle sulfides) in samples of air collected from above the sea and the sea ice, using a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). This paper describes the laboratory and notes several problems to be overcome in terms of its use

On the origin and evolution of the asteroid Ryugu: A comprehensive geochemical perspective

Presented here are the observations and interpretations from a comprehensive analysis of 16 representative particles returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. On average Ryugu particles consist of 50% phyllosilicate matrix, 41% porosity and 9% minor phases, including organic matter. The abundances of 70 elements from the particles are in close agreement with those of CI chondrites. Bulk Ryugu particles show higher δ18O, Δ17O, and ε54Cr values than CI chondrites. As such, Ryugu sampled the most primitive and least-thermally processed protosolar nebula reservoirs. Such a finding is consistent with multi-scale H-C-N isotopic compositions that are compatible with an origin for Ryugu organic matter within both the protosolar nebula and the interstellar medium. The analytical data obtained here, suggests that complex soluble organic matter formed during aqueous alteration on the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal (several 10’s of km), <2.6 Myr after CAI formation. Subsequently, the Ryugu progenitor planetesimal was fragmented and evolved into the current asteroid Ryugu through sublimation