Phenolic Compounds and Terpenoids from Hypericum lanceolatum

peer reviewe

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (= Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) is an American aromatic species used as medicinal and culinary purposes since pre-Columbian times by Aztecs and Mayans in Mesoamerica (where is called epazote) and Andean communities and many others in South America (where is better known as paico). Currently, it is globally known by a wide diversity of cultures around the world, due to its cultivation and naturalization. Its uses are currently widespread in pluricultural contexts, by means the commercial circuits and mass media, especially the Internet. The main active constituents are essential oils, to which owes its aroma and flavor. It is toxic in high doses, but safe if is consumed in appropriated concentrations. The most widespread folk therapeutic use is as antiparasitic (anthelmintic, antimicrobial), and it is also employed against gastrointestinal disorders, as hypotensive, antipyretic, vulnerary, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, sedative and anxiolytic, among others, many of which have been evaluated scientifically. The researches on its anticancer activity are very promising.Fil: Hurrell, Julio Alberto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

The precambrian mafic magmatic record, including large igneous provinces of the kalahari craton and its constituents : A paleogeographic review

The study of Precambrian dyke swarms, sill provinces and large igneous provinces on the Kalahari craton in southern Africa has expanded greatly since the pioneering work initiated almost four decades ago. The main contributors to this progress have been a large number of precise U–Pb crystallization ages of mafic rocks, published in a number of recent papers. This information is compiled here into a series of maps that provide a nearly 3 billion year intraplate magmatic record of the Kalahari craton and its earlier constituents, the proto-Kalahari, Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons. We also review their possible paleogeographic relations to other cratons or supercontinents. This review provides a more accessible overview of individual magmatic events, and mostly includes precise U–Pb ages of mafic dykes and sills, some of which can be linked to stratigraphically well-constrained volcanic rocks. The extrusion ages of these volcanic units are also starting to be refined by, among others, in situ dating of baddeleyite. Some mafic dyke swarms, previously characterized entirely on similarity in dyke trends within a swarm, are found to be temporally composite and sometimes consist of up to three different generations. Other mafic dyke swarms, with different trends, can now be linked to protracted volcanic events like the stratigraphically well preserved Mesoarchean Nsuze Group (Pongola Supergroup) and Neoarchean Ventersdorp Supergroup. Following upon these Archean events, shorter-lived Proterozoic large igneous provinces also intrude the Transvaal Supergroup, Olifantshoek Supergroup and Umkondo Group, and include the world’s largest layered intrusion, the Bushveld Complex. Longer-lived late Paleoproterozoic magmatic events are also preserved as mafic intrusions and lava units within the Waterberg and Soutpansberg groups as well as the granitic basement. Many gaps in our knowledge of the Precambrian mafic record of the Kalahari craton remain, but further multi-disciplinary studies combining the latest advances in U–Pb geochronology and both paleomagnetism and geochemistry will help solve the Precambrian paleogeographic puzzle