ANALISA PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU HORISONTAL BERSUDU AIRFOIL MELALUI VARIASI JUMLAH SUDU

Indonesia is an area that has the potential for sufficient wind resources to be utilized for kinetic energy into other energy such as mechanical energy and electrical energy through its generators (generators). The way to utilize wind kinetic energy into other energy is through a device called a wind turbine. Wind turbines have been around since ancient times, and are called airfoil angled wind turbines. This airfoil wind turbine is designed only for areas with average wind speeds above 6m / s. While in Indonesia not all regions have the same wind speed. In certain seasons, the average wind speed is below 6 m / s. This has become a major problem in regions that have average wind speeds below 6 m / s. Seeing this condition, there is a need for scientific research to obtain wind turbines that can be used in areas with average wind speeds below 5m / s. For this reason, the research I want to do is get a wind turbine that can be used as a power plant in areas that have wind speeds below 6m / s. This research was conducted on the basis of scientific theory in fluid mechanics regarding the sweeping area of wind turbines and the performance of variations in the number of blades in the wind. In addition, the research in several scientific journals was used as the basis of this research This research method is an experimental method, in the form of testing a wind turbine axis prototype horizontal and airfoil axis. The details of the research activity are the design and manufacture of laboratory scale horizontal airfoil axis turbines. Next, testing with a fan as a source of wind. The fan used has three variations of speed, all of which are used to determine the lowest average wind speed that can be applied. The results of the research are where wind turbines with the greatest torque and power and the Coefficient of Performance (CP) with the highest value will be used as a result to be applied to the community. Based on experimental data, it can be concluded that the greatest torque and power occur in turbines with 4 blades with details at speed 1, the largest torque and power are 0.201 Nm and 4.5 W; at speed 2, the biggest torque and power are 0.25 Nm and 7.21 W; at speed 3, the biggest torque and power are 0.28 Nm and 8.35 W Keywords: wind turbine, airfoil, nozzle, diffuse

PENGARUH BAYANGAN TERHADAP OUTPUT TEGANGAN DAN KUAT ARUS PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS)

Electrical energy is a very important requirement for the community, along with the development of the era and technological advances that are urgently needed, the need for electrical energy is very large, while the source of electricity that is currently being used still uses energy derived from fossil fuels. As we know that the source of energy derived from fossils is very limited, therefore other energy sources are sought or we are more familiar with renewable energy, one of which is the energy source that comes from the sun, which is better known as solar cell. The electricity from this solar cell is very dependent on sunlight which must illuminate the solar panels so that solar energy can be converted into electrical energy. The output from these solar panels is in the form of voltage and electric current. Some factors that can affect the amount of output or output voltage of electric current in PLTS is, temperature, shadow, (cloud condition, and surrounding environment), and wind speed. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out how much the shadow effect on the output voltage and electric current produced by PLTS. It is expected that this research can increase the knowledge of energy derived from the sun in this case the solar cell and know the effect of the shadow on the output voltage and electric current from solar panels.The results showed that there was a shadow effect on voltage reduction and current strength in the PLTS system, namely the 10% shadow area and 12.44 volt DC solar panel current and 2.54 amperage, 100% area covering the voltage output panel and the current of solar panels 12.10 volt DC and 0.22 amperage. The area of the shadow that covers the solar panel affects the output voltage and the strong current of the battery that is the area of the shadow 10% voltage and strong current battery 12.35 volt DC and 18.54 amper, 100% area cover the output panel voltage and strong current battery 11.90 volt DC and 13.85 amperes The shadow area covering the solar panels influences the output voltage and current strength of the inverter, namely the area of the shadow 10% voltage and 226.4 volt AC inverter current and 0.97 amperage, 100% covering the output voltage panel and 220.2 volt AC and 0.66 amperage current. Keywords: Electrical energy, Solar cell, Shadow (cloud condition

PENINGKATAN PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU HORISONTAL BERSUDU AIR FOIL MELALUI PENAMBAHAN NOSEL DAN DIFUSER

Horizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade is one of several types of wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy of the wind turbine. Mechanical energy wind turbine is then converted into electrical energy through a generator and also for irrigation and other functions. The mechanism of utilization of wind energy to generate electricity or irrigation function is a positive step because the kinetic energy of wind is the energy that is environmentally friendly, does not cause air pollution, on the other hand, wind energy freely available in nature. In this research, the process of converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy through a horizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade is still done on a laboratory scale. The purpose of this study was to determine the torque and power of horizontal axis wind turbines air foil blade. The method of implementation of this research is a horizontal axis wind turbine air foil blade in the test using a fan with three speeds varying found on the fan. The wind turbine is also tested using additional devices such as utilization of nozzle and diffuser to determine the performance of the turbine. The addition nozzle and diffuser is a method of increasing the efficiency of wind turbines because look at the function of the nozzle and diffuser itself. Dimensions of wind turbines in the study had a sweep of the area of 50 cm2 and the number of blades used 3 pieces or blades. The mechanism of this device test carried out in three stages, namely testing without using nozzle and diffuser, using a nozzle testing and testing using a diffuser. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the first speed, the greatest torque and power the of the wind turbine without nozzle and diffuser is 0.1017 Nm and 4,126 W; at a speed of 2, the greatest power and torque occurs in the turbine using a diffuser that is 0.1195 Nm and 6.88 W; at 3 speed, torque and power are greatest in the turbine using a diffuser that is 0.1166 Nm and 7,935 W.   Keywords: Wind turbine, Airfoil, Nozzle, Diffuser