Application of the rainbow trout derived intestinal cell line (RTgutGC) for ecotoxicological studies: molecular and cellular responses following exposure to copper.

There is an acknowledged need for in vitro fish intestinal model to help understand dietary exposure to chemicals in the aquatic environment. The presence and use of such models is however largely restrictive due to technical difficulties in the culturing of enterocytes in general and the availability of appropriate established cell lines in particular. In this study, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal derived cell line (RTgutGC) was used as a surrogate for the "gut sac" method. To facilitate comparison, RTgutGC cells were grown as monolayers (double-seeded) on permeable Transwell supports leading to a two-compartment intestinal model consisting of polarised epithelium. This two-compartment model divides the system into an upper apical (lumen) and a lower basolateral (portal blood) compartment. In our studies, these cells stained weakly for mucosubstances, expressed the tight junction protein ZO-1 in addition to E-cadherin and revealed the presence of polarised epithelium in addition to microvilli protrusions. The cells also revealed a comparable transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) to the in vivo situation. Importantly, the cell line tolerated apical saline (1:1 ratio) thus mimicking the intact organ to allow assessment of uptake of compounds across the intestine. Following an exposure over 72 h, our study demonstrated that the RTgutGC cell line under sub-lethal concentrations of copper sulphate (Cu) and modified saline solutions demonstrated uptake of the metal with saturation levels comparable to short term ex situ gut sac preparations. Gene expression analysis revealed no significant influence of pH or time on mRNA expression levels of key stress related genes (i.e. CYP3A, GST, mtA, Pgp and SOD) in the Transwell model. However, significant positive correlations were found between all genes investigated suggesting a co-operative relationship amongst the genes studied. When the outlined characteristics of the cell line are combined with the division of compartments, the RTgutGC double seeded model represents a potential animal replacement model for ecotoxicological studies. Overall, this model could be used to study the effects and predict aquatic gastrointestinal permeability of metals and other environmentally relevant contaminants in a cost effective and high throughput manner

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Not AvailableIntroduction: Cell line derived from fish has been established as a promising tool for studying many key issues of aquaculture covering fish growth, disease, reproduction, genetics, and biotechnology. In addition, fish cell lines are very useful in vitro models for toxicological, pathological, and immunological studies. The easier maintenance of fish cell lines in flexible temperature regimes and hypoxic conditions make them preferable in vitro tools over mammalian cell lines. Great excitement has been observed in establishing and characterizing new fish cell lines representing diverse fish species and tissue types. The well-characterized and authenticated cell lines are of utmost essential as these represent cellular functions very similar to in vivo state of an organism otherwise it would affect the reproducibility of scientific research. Conclusion: The fish cell lines have exhibited encouraging results in several key aspects of in vitro research in aquaculture including virology, nutrition and metabolism, production of vaccines, and transgenic fish production. The review paper reports the cell lines developed from fish, their characterization, and biobanking along with their potential applications and challenges in in vitro research.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 90-days experiment was conducted to find out the influence of different salinities (T1-5 ppt, T2-10 ppt, T3-15 ppt and freshwater as control) on carcass composition of Amur carp reared in inland ground saline water. Crude protein content of fish found decreased with increase in salinity, however showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between control and T1 while significant difference (p0.05) with T1 while significantly varied with T2 and T3 treatments. Therefore, in the present studies, based on the carcass composition, fish can be recommended as healthy protein source for human consumption and can be cultured for longer duration upto 5 ppt salinity in inland saline region for utilization of unutilized resources for carp aquaculture purposes.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different C/N ratios in bio floc systems on growth performances and digestive enzymatic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out using inland ground saline water at 15 ppt salinity fortified with potassium and magnesium ions. Bio floc developed with different C/N ratios as treatments T1 (5:1), T2 (10:1), T3 (15:1), T4 (20:1) and T5 (25:1) respectively by manipulating the C/N content in feed and water by adding rice bran as carbon source and without bio floc used as control. After optimum floc produced in experimental tanks the juveniles Litopenaeus vannamei (avg wt. 3.37±0.03 gm) were stocked. At the end of the experiment the weight gain % and SGR was found higher (p<0.05) in treatments T3 (641.07c±12.55 and 3.29d±0.03) and T4 (650.00c±5.88 and 3.35d±0.01) respectively and in the treatment T1 and control group the growth rate was showed significantly similar (p > 0.05). A better FCR T4 (1.04a±0.01), T3 (1.12a±0.02) and T5 (1.16a±0.03) was observed significantly lower from control (2.23d±0.04) and T1 and T2. Similarly, significantly higher FER and PER was registered in T4 compared to control, T1 and T2 respectively. However, no significant difference in FER and PER was observed between T3 and T5. The 100% survival reported in treatments T1,T2, T3 and control groups with 99.33% and 94.33% survival reported in T4 and T5 groups.The different levels of C/N ratios in bio floc improved (p<0.05) the digestive enzymes activities in hepatopancreas and intestine like amylase, lipase, cellulose and protease in the treatment groups compared with control. The present study elucidates the suitability of optimum C/N ratios in bio floc for enhancing the growth and digestive enzyme activities in L. vannamei in inland ground saline water. The finding could help in reducing the environmental concern saline waste water discharge from the shrimp pond to the land.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) and G. suppositus (Troschel, 1840) belong to family Platycephalidae (Flathead fishes). Taxonomic study on both the species wasconducted based on the samples collected from three different locations viz. Versova and Newferry Whorf (Mumbai, Maharashtra) and Veraval (Gujarat) during August to October 2015. A total of fifteen morphometric characters were measured and compared between the species along with their proportionsinstandard length and head length. Among ten meristic characters, six did not show any difference between the species. However, four characters viz. number of gillrakers, black spot on 1st dorsal fin, increasing size of backward directed lateral line spine and preopercular spine revealed variations. The proportional measurements with their head length (HL) viz. snout length: head length (SnL:HL), maximum eye diameter: head length (MED:HL), Inter orbital width: head length(IOL:HL) showed also revealed significant between the species at 5% level. The study was able to resolve the ambiguity and facilitated correct identification of the two species based on the characters studied.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA 90 days experiment was designed to assess the growth and osmoregulatory response of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus (Amur carp) in inland saline water of sub-humid and semi-arid/ arid zones of Haryana, India. Two hundred forty fingerlings (avg. wt. 3.48±0.272 g) were equally distributed in 4 treatment groups (salinities; control C, 0 ppt; T1, 5 ppt; T2, 10 ppt and T3, 15 ppt) with 3 replicates in 500 L tanks followed by complete randomized design (CRD). There were no significant differences observed in physico-chemical parameters of water among different treatments and found in optimum range throughout the experimental period. The parameters, viz. total alkalinity, hardness (total, calcium and magnesium) and concentration of ions were varying with the salinity and displayed increasing trend with increase in salinity. At the end of experiment, 100% survival was obtained upto 5 ppt whereas decreasing trend was found with increasing salinity (T2 and T3). There was highest% weight gainobtained in control group followed by T1, T2 and T3 groups. The highest specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) along with lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was reported in control group followed by T1 and T2 groups, while lowest SGR, PER and highest FCR were reported in T3 group. Serum and water osmolality showed significant increasing trend with increasing salinity, while osmoregulatory capacity was decreasing with increase in salinity. Based on the findiNot Availabl

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Not AvailableStudy on a meristic traits of Kumococius rodericensis Sorsogona tuberculata Platycephalus indicus and Rogadius serratus (family Platycephalidae), occurring along the East coast of India, was conducted to find easily differentiating traits. The study was based on the samples collected from landing centers situated along the East coast of India, during February 2015 to March 2016. A total of thirty-one morphometric and meristic characters were measured, counted and subjected to statistical analysis using software Statistica. Among eighteen morphometric measurements, five measurement (distance between upper and lower jaw, length of upper preopercular spine, snout length, maximum length of first dorsal spine, maximum length of second dorsal spine) did not show difference when subjected to factor analysis. Varimax raw factor rotation on factor loading 0.7 were selected for scatterplot of canonical score among root 1 and root 2, which revealed existence of distinct group of species. Number of gillrakers, spot on caudal fin, number of pored scale on lateral line and preopercular spine revealed significant variations among the species. The proportional measurements with their head length (HL) viz. Preorbital length: head length (POL:HL), Inter orbital width: head length (IOW:HL), and maximum eye diameter: head length (MED:HL) also revealed significant difference among the species. The study revealed certain morphological characters those can easily identify the flathead species.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNanoparticles (NPs) are believed to be the best drug delivery system. The present research work has been designed to develop (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) loaded fadrozole nanoparticles for producing all male population of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758). For both 350 ppm and 500 ppm groups, 100% males were produced, when observed at 30 days experiment. The percentage of males was highest in the 500 ppm of fadrozole-loaded PLGA fed groups with values of 92.35±0.86 and 97.76±1.12% at 10 and 15 days experiment respectively., The lowest male percentage was found in the 50 ppm group, indicating proportionate effect of the NP. It was also observed that the male percentage of the naked fadrozole at 500 ppm and fadrozole - PLGA NPs at 50 ppm were 88.96% and 89.31%, respectively. These findings indicate that fadrozole in nano forms can reduce 90% of prescribed dose of fadrozole for masculinization of commercial fish like tilapia.Not Availabl