Mortality and cause of death in hip fracture patients aged 65 or older - a population-based study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The high mortality of hip fracture patients is well documented, but sex- and cause-specific mortality after hip fracture has not been extensively studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate mortality and cause of death in patients after hip fracture surgery and to compare their mortality and cause of death to those in the general population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Records of 428 consecutive hip fracture patients were collected on a population-basis and data on the general population comprising all Finns 65 years of age or older were collected on a cohort-basis. Cause of death was classified as follows: malignant neoplasms, dementia, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, digestive system disease, and other.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean follow-up was 3.7 years (range 0-9 years). Overall 1-year postoperative mortality was 27.3% and mortality after hip fracture at the end of the follow-up was 79.0%. During the follow-up, age-adjusted mortality after hip fracture surgery was higher in men than in women with hazard ratio (HR) 1.55 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.21-2.00. Among hip surgery patients, the most common causes of death were circulatory diseases, followed by dementia and Alzheimer's disease. After hip fracture, men were more likely than women to die from respiratory disease, malignant neoplasm, and circulatory disease. During the follow-up, all-cause age- and sex-standardized mortality after hip fracture was 3-fold higher than that of the general population and included every cause-of-death category.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>During the study period, the risk of mortality in hip fracture patients was 3-fold higher than that in the general population and included every major cause of death.</p

Hipnose para controle de claustrofobia em exames de ressonância magnética Hypnosis for management of claustrophobia in magnetic resonance imaging

OBJETIVO: Testar a eficácia da hipnose para o controle de claustrofobia em pacientes submetidos a exames de ressonância magnética. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Vinte pacientes claustrofóbicos, com indicação de sedação para ressonância magnética, foram submetidos a hipnose pela técnica de Braid. Os pacientes suscetíveis à hipnose foram encaminhados para realização do exame em estado de transe hipnótico, sem uso de medicamentos para sedação. RESULTADOS: Da amostra estudada, 18 casos (90%) foram suscetíveis à técnica. Dos 16 pacientes sensíveis à hipnose que compareceram para a ressonância magnética, 15 (93,8%) realizaram o exame em transe hipnótico, sem ocorrência de crise de claustrofobia e sem necessitar de medicamentos para sedação. CONCLUSÃO: Hipnose é uma alternativa para a sedação medicamentosa em pacientes claustrofóbicos que necessitam realizar ressonância magnética.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hypnosis for management of claustrophobia in patients submitted to magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty claustrophobic patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging under sedation were submitted to hypnosis using the Braid technique. The patients susceptible to hypnosis were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging under hypnotic trance without using sedative drugs. RESULTS: Out of the sample, 18 (90%) patients were susceptible to the technique. Of the 16 hypnotizable subjects who were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging, 15 (93.8%) could complete the examination under hypnotic trance, with no sign of claustrophobia and without need of sedative drugs. CONCLUSION: Hypnosis is an alternative to anesthetic sedation for claustrophobic patients who must undergo magnetic resonance imaging