The effects of alternative governance structures: A comparative analysis of higher education policy in five EU member states

In this chapter I will analyze some effects of two alternative governance structures. More particularly, I will present the theoretical foundations of two basically different governance structures and offer an empirical exploration of two categories of their effects in the specific field of higher education policy making in a number of European Union member states

The solar isotope spectrometer for the advanced composition explorer

The Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS), one of nine instruments on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), is designed to provide high resolution measurements of the isotopic composition of energetic nuclei from He to Zn (Z = 2 to 30) over the energy range from 10 to 100 MeV/nuc. During large solar events SIS will measure the isotopic abundances of solar energetic particles to determine directly the composition of the solar corona and to study particle acceleration processes. During solar quiet times SIS will measure the isotopes of low-energy cosmic rays from the Galaxy and isotopes of the anomalous cosmic ray component, which originates in the nearby interstellar medium. SIS has two telescopes composed of silicon solid-state detectors that provide measurements of the nuclear charge, mass, and kinetic energy of incident nuclei. Within each telescope, particle trajectories are measured with a pair of two-dimensional silicon strip detectors instrumented with custom very-largescale integrated (VLSI) electronics to provide both position and energy-loss measurements. SIS was especially designed to achieve excellent mass resolution under the extreme, high flux conditions encountered in large solar particle events. It provides a geometry factor of 40 cm 2 sr, significantly greater than earlier solar particle isotope spectrometers. A microprocesso