Six Pathways to Enduring Results: Lessons from Spend-Down Foundations

Fifty years ago, only 5 percent of the total assets of America's largest 50 foundations were held by spend-downs, compared to 24 percent in 2010. Spend-downs are even more influential when measured as a percent of giving, since they disburse money at a higher annual rate than foundations that aim to last forever. In 2010, 31 percent of giving from the largest foundations came from spend-downs (a figure that reflects the outsized effect of Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett)

Responsibility, Moral and Otherwise

Typescript of a paper given for the Routledge Lecture in Philosophy on 21 February 2013Lecture sponsored by Routledg

Access to EU environmental information: EU compliance with Aarhus Convention

This article examines the relationship between the EU Access to Document Regulation (1049/2001/EC), the Aarhus Regulation (1367/2006/EC) and the provisions of the UNECE Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. It considers the extent to which the combined provisions of the EU regulations succeed in aligning EU law with the access to environmental information provisions of the Convention. The focus of the examination is on the exceptions to disclosure and the differences between the Convention and the EU legislation will be analysed. It will be argued that not only does the EU legislation lack coherence and clarity but also that the combined provisions breach the Convention in a number of key respects

Book Review: Creation and Abortion: A Study in Moral and Legal Philosophy. by Frances Myrna Kamm.

Book review: Creation and Abortion: A Study in Moral and Legal Philosophy. By Frances Myrna Kamm. New York: Oxford University Press. 1992. Pp. viii, 227. Reviewed by: Susan M. Wolf