Monitoring and Modelling the Vibrational Effects of Small (<50 kW) Wind Turbines on the Eskdalemuir IMS Station

It is known (Styles et al., 2005) that windfarms generate low frequency vibrations which propagate through the ground and have the potential to adversely affect sensitive installations, most notably seismometer arrays set up to monitor for nuclear tests. Significant work on the effects of large wind turbines has been carried out by Keele University as well as by Schofield (2002) and Fiori et al (2009). For the Eskdalemuir International Monitoring System station in Scotland, a vibration threshold was set, for wind farms within 50 km of Eskdalemuir, at frequencies around the 4 to 5 Hz region. However, with increased development, the threshold is being approached and small wind turbines (less than 50kW), even of the order of 15kW have also been restricted despite the differences in scale and modes of vibration. In order to protect Eskdalemuir a threshold limit was set for any turbine as a holding measure and a programme to try to establish whether they were really problematic has been carried out. Models for two wind turbine types from the manufacturers Proven and Gaia-Wind have been calculated and measurement programmes carried out. It has been possible to demonstrate that in most cases these small turbines do not generate significant energy in the band of concern and that the levels are low enough to be negligible. Small turbines once evaluated and monitored by Keele University and given approval by the UK Ministry of Defence, will receive clearance for deployment around the Eskdalemuir site at distances greater than 10km

White British researchers and internationally educated research participants: insights from reflective practices on issues of language and culture in nursing contexts

This paper explores how reflexive practices enabled researchers to achieve a more complex analysis of qualitative data generated from focus groups. Drawing upon our experiences as two White British researchers, conducting a study with internationally educated nurses from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds, we consider how our analysis led us to a more nuanced understanding of the data than might have occurred without reflexivity. We identified our respective standpoints, confronted our feared biases, particularly in relation to social stereotyping and prejudice, and located ourselves as co-producers of the data. This enabled us to consider how we might be representing, holding and paralleling, systemic patterns of discrimination, leading to several new insights. Reflexive practice is often referred to in theory, less often in application. We hope that sharing our reflexive process will benefit other researchers navigating the complex waters of identifying themselves in their research

English language skills requirements for internationally educated nurses working in the care industry: barriers to UK registration or institutionalised discrimination?

Editoria

Non-European nurses’ perceived barriers to UK nurse registration

Aim: To conduct a scoping project to identify perceived barriers to UK nurse registration as understood by internationally educated nurses working as Healthcare Assistants in the UK. Method: Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Eleven internationally educated nurses working as healthcare assistants in two London hospitals attended two facilitated focus groups. Participants articulated frustration with UK English language testing requirements, and a sense of injustice and unfairness relating to: a) dual standards for nurses educated within and outside of the European Union and European Economic Area and b) what was perceived, by some, as arbitrary testing with unnecessarily high standards. Differences among focus group attendees related to issues of competency and accountability regarding English language skills and passing English language skills tests, with many feeling they were playing ‘a game’ where the rules keep changing. Conclusion: Language testing barriers are impeding UK nurse registration for some internationally educated nurses from outside of the European Union and European Economic Area who, as a result, are working as Healthcare Assistants. The provision of English language training by employers would improve their prospects of achieving nurse registration in the UK

Asset-based approaches, older people and social care: an analysis and critique

Asset-based thinking is increasingly prevalent in health policy and is to be found also in discourses on social care. This article explores and critiques the applicability of asset-based approaches to social care for older people, using Carol Bacchi’s analytical framework to consider developments in the UK especially. The problem construction, assumptions and suggested solutions underpinning an asset-based approach are considered in turn. The paper draws two major conclusions. The first is that, while it has potential application to the field, the key assumptions and objectives of the asset-based approach do not hold well for social care and therefore adopting the approach carries risks. The paper concludes, secondly, that an asset-based approach is ‘over-promised’ in the sense of being insufficiently theorised and lacking empirical evidence. A number of suggestions are made for greater critical interrogation, improved empirical evidence and closer scrutiny of the policy ‘solutions’ associated with assets-related thinking

Characterization of the complications associated with plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura and related thrombotic microangiopathic anaemias: a single institution experience.

Plasma exchange (PEX) is a life-saving therapeutic procedure in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP) and other thrombotic microangiopathic anaemias (TMAs). However, it may be associated with significant complications, exacerbating the morbidity and mortality in this patient group

Evaluation of Coventry & Warwickshire Substance Misuse Initiative Employment Support Project

The Employment Support Project in Warwickshire is built on a partnership between Warwickshire Probation Service (Lead Agency), South Warwickshire Combined Care NHS Trust, Orbit Housing Association and Jephson Homes Housing Association. These key agencies aim to integrate approaches to tackling drug misuse. This is particularly appropriate in Warwickshire where drug misuse constitutes a significant, yet still manageable, problem. The following report highlights the main achievements of this unique Employment Support Project (ESP) which is designed to encourage, support and guide drug-misusers into relevant employment, training and/or personal development opportunities. It also provides an overview of success measures, added-value and sustainability issues directly linked to the immediate and future work of the projec

Methods for suspensions of passive and active filaments

Flexible filaments and fibres are essential components of important complex fluids that appear in many biological and industrial settings. Direct simulations of these systems that capture the motion and deformation of many immersed filaments in suspension remain a formidable computational challenge due to the complex, coupled fluid--structure interactions of all filaments, the numerical stiffness associated with filament bending, and the various constraints that must be maintained as the filaments deform. In this paper, we address these challenges by describing filament kinematics using quaternions to resolve both bending and twisting, applying implicit time-integration to alleviate numerical stiffness, and using quasi-Newton methods to obtain solutions to the resulting system of nonlinear equations. In particular, we employ geometric time integration to ensure that the quaternions remain unit as the filaments move. We also show that our framework can be used with a variety of models and methods, including matrix-free fast methods, that resolve low Reynolds number hydrodynamic interactions. We provide a series of tests and example simulations to demonstrate the performance and possible applications of our method. Finally, we provide a link to a MATLAB/Octave implementation of our framework that can be used to learn more about our approach and as a tool for filament simulation

Seismic monitoring and vibrational characterization of small wind turbines: A case study of the potential effects on the Eskdalemuir International Monitoring System Station in Scotland

This paper presents a case study of the ground-borne vibrations generated by small wind turbines. This is of particular importance for assessing the possible impact on the detection capabilities of the International Monitoring System seismic array at Eskdalemuir in Scotland. Measurements were gathered from a selection of small wind turbines (≤50 kW), from three different manufacturers, varying in hub height, power and construction using a range of accelerometers and seismometers fixed to the tower and buried in the adjacent ground at increasing distances. Previous studies have shown that medium and large turbines generate harmonic vibrations. Planning guidelines exist but have inadvertently led to a ban on the deployment of individual small-turbines within 50 km of the array. This study investigates whether their inclusion in these guidelines is necessary. Vibration levels on the tower are in the region of 10 -3 m/sqrt(Hz), are transferred into the ground and decay rapidly away from the turbine (10 -5 m/sqrt(Hz) in the ground at 200 m). The spectral content of the vibrations shows variations between the turbines, but each have peaks in the band of interest for Eskdalemuir. Further, sources of the peaks in the spectra are identified as either originating from the blades’ rotation or the resonant modes of the turbines. Analysis of the relationship between wind speed and seismic amplitude on the tower shows an exponential trend, individual to each wind turbine and the frequency band of interest. Similarly, analysis of the seismic amplitude between the tower and foundation shows that this can be described by a power law, but this is individual to each turbine. It is our opinion that there is little requirement to include turbines of 50 kW or less in planning guidelines outside the statutory exclusion zone of 10 km, but each turbine should be considered on an individual basis