Gluino decays with heavier scalar superpartners

We compute gluino decay widths in supersymmetric theories with arbitrary flavor and CP violation angles. Our emphasis is on theories with scalar superpartner masses heavier than the gluino such that tree-level two-body decays are not allowed, which is relevant, for example, in split supersymmetry. We compute gluino decay branching fractions in several specific examples and show that it is plausible that the only accessible signal of supersymmetry at the LHC could be four top quarks plus missing energy. We show another example where the only accessible signal for supersymmetry is two gluon jets plus missing energy.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. Added references and minor typos and errors corrected (no change in numerical results

Holomorphic selection rules, the origin of the mu term, and thermal inflation

When an abelian gauge theory with integer charges is spontaneously broken by the expectation value of a charge Q field, there remains a Z_Q discrete symmetry. In a supersymmetric theory, holomorphy adds additional constraints on the operators that can appear in the effective superpotential. As a result, operators with the same mass dimension but opposite sign charges can have very different coupling strengths. In the present work we characterize the operator hierarchies in the effective theory due to holomorphy, and show that there exist simple relationships between the size of an operator and its mass dimension and charge. Using such holomorphy-induced operator hierarchies, we construct a simple model with a naturally small supersymmetric mu term. This model also provides a concrete realization of late-time thermal inflation, which has the ability to solve the gravitino and moduli problems of weak-scale supersymmetry.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur

Identification of a 33-kilodalton immunodominant antigen of Trypanosoma congolense as a cysteine protease

A 33-kDa protein of Trypanosoma congolense is a major antigen in infected cattle and the production of antibody to this antigen appeared to correlate with enhanced resistance to trypanosomiasis [4]. Immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody (mAb 4C5) raised against the 33-kDa antigen showed a lysosomal localisation, similar to that of a previously described 32-kDa cysteine protease of T. congolense. Both mAb 4C5 and anti-33 kDa antibody from infected cattle bound on Western blots to the cysteine protease that had been purified by affinity chromatography on cystatin-Sepharose. Sepharose-coupled mAb 4C5 was used to affinity purify the antigen from bloodstream forms of T. congolense. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the affinity-purified antigen had a molecular mass of 33 kDa under non-reducing conditions, and 40 kDa under reducing conditions. Anti-33-kDa antibody from infected cattle bound to both non-reduced and reduced affinity-purified antigen on Western blots. Serum from a rabbit immunised with the biochemically purified enzyme also bound the affinity-purified antigen. The affinity-purified antigen displayed proteolytic activity in fibrinogen-containing SDS-PAGE and against Azocoll. It hydrolysed benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-amino-methyl coumarin (Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec) with a K, similar to that of the biochemically purified enzyme. Proteolytic and peptidolytic activities of the antigen were inhibited by the inhibitors of cysteine proteases, cystatin and trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucyl-amido (4-guanidin0)butane (E-64). On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the antigen displayed similar characteristics to those of the biochemically purified enzyme. We conclude that the 33-kDa antigen of T. congolense and the cysteine protease are th

Risedronate’s Role in Reducing Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women with Established Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a significant concern for postmenopausal women and is a critical factor in hip fracture. Examining evidence for osteoporosis medications in hip fracture is important for optimizing treatment

Recent African derivation of Chrysomya putoria from C. chloropyga and mitochondrial DNA paraphyly of cytochrome oxidase subunit one in blowflies of forensic importance

Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) and C. putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are closely related Afrotropical blowflies that breed in carrion and latrines, reaching high density in association with humans and spreading to other continents. In some cases of human death, Chyrsomya specimens provide forensic clues. Because the immature stages of such flies are often difficult to identify taxonomically, it is useful to develop DNA-based tests for specimen identification. Therefore we attempted to distinguish between C. chloropyga and C. putoria using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data from a 593-bp region of the gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI). Twelve specimens from each species yielded a total of five haplotypes, none being unique to C. putoria. Therefore it was not possible to distinguish between the two species using this locus. Maximum parsimony analysis indicated paraphyletic C. chloropyga mtDNA with C. putoria nested therein. Based on these and previously published data, we infer that C. putoria diverged very recently from C. chloropyga

Phenomenological implications of low energy supersymmetry breaking

The experimental signatures for low energy supersymmetry breaking are presented. The lightest standard model superpartner is unstable and decays to its partner plus a Goldstino, G. For a supersymmetry breaking scale below a few 1,000 TeV this decay can take place within a detector, leading to very distinctive signatures. If a neutralino is the lightest standard model superpartner it decays by {chi}{sub 1}{sup 0} {r_arrow} {gamma} + G, and if kinematically accessible by {chi}{sub 1}{sup 0} {r_arrow} (Z{sup 0}, h{sup 0}, H{sup 0}, A{sup 0}) + G. These decays can give rise to displaced vertices. Alternately, if a slepton is the lightest standard model superpartner it decays by {tilde l} {r_arrow} l + G. This can be seen as a greater than minimum ionizing charged particle track, possibly with a kink to a minimum ionizing track

Calibration of cognitive tests to address the reliability paradox for decision-conflict tasks

Standard, well-established cognitive tasks that produce reliable effects in group comparisons also lead to unreliable measurement when assessing individual differences. This reliability paradox has been demonstrated in decision-conflict tasks such as the Simon, Flanker, and Stroop tasks, which measure various aspects of cognitive control. We aim to address this paradox by implementing carefully calibrated versions of the standard tests with an additional manipulation to encourage processing of conflicting information, as well as combinations of standard tasks. Over five experiments, we show that a Flanker task and a combined Simon and Stroop task with the additional manipulation produced reliable estimates of individual differences in under 100 trials per task, which improves on the reliability seen in benchmark Flanker, Simon, and Stroop data. We make these tasks freely available and discuss both theoretical and applied implications regarding how the cognitive testing of individual differences is carried out.</p

In-situ epitaxial growth of superconducting La-based bilayer cuprate thin films

We investigate the epitaxial growth of bilayer cuprate La2CaCu2O6+\delta using pure ozone as an oxidant, and find that even the crystal with parent composition without cation substitution can show metallic behavior with the aid of epitaxial strain effect. The hole concentration is controlled simply by excess-oxygen doping, and the films grown under the optimum conditions exhibit superconductivity below 30 K. This is the first result on the superconductivity of bilayer La2CaCu2O6+\delta induced purely by the excess oxygen.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. B, Rapid Communication

Searching for a Light Stop at the Tevatron

We describe a method to help the search for a light stop squark [M(stop) + M(LSP) < M(top)] at the Fermilab Tevatron. Traditional search methods rely upon a series of stringent background-reducing cuts which, unfortunately, leave very few signal events given the present data set. To avoid this difficulty, we instead suggest using a milder set of cuts, combined with a "superweight," whose purpose is to discriminate between signal and background events. The superweight consists of a sum of terms, each of which are either zero or one. The terms are assigned event-by-event depending upon the values of various observables. We suggest a method for choosing the observables as well as the criteria used to assign the values such that the superweight is "large" for the supersymmetric signal and "small" for the standard model background. For illustration, we mainly consider the detection of stops coming from top decay, making our analysis especially relevant to the W+2 jets top sample.Comment: 45 pages, revtex, 15 figures included. Final version, as will appear in Phys. Rev. D. Contains an expanded introduction plus a few additional reference

Embedding Flipped SU(5) into SO(10)

We embed the flipped SU(5) models into the SO(10) models. After the SO(10) gauge symmetry is broken down to the flipped SU(5) \times U(1)_X gauge symmetry, we can split the five/one-plets and ten-plets in the spinor \mathbf{16} and \mathbf{\bar{16}} Higgs fields via the stable sliding singlet mechanism. As in the flipped SU(5) models, these ten-plet Higgs fields can break the flipped SU(5) gauge symmetry down to the Standard Model gauge symmetry. The doublet-triplet splitting problem can be solved naturally by the missing partner mechanism, and the Higgsino-exchange mediated proton decay can be suppressed elegantly. Moreover, we show that there exists one pair of the light Higgs doublets for the electroweak gauge symmetry breaking. Because there exist two pairs of additional vector-like particles with similar intermediate-scale masses, the SU(5) and U(1)_X gauge couplings can be unified at the GUT scale which is reasonably (about one or two orders) higher than the SU(2)_L \times SU(3)_C unification scale. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the simplest SO(10) model with flipped SU(5) embedding, and point out that it can not work without fine-tuning.Comment: RevTex4, 28 pages, 3 figures, typos correcte