Sap flow response of Eucaylyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla) to environmental stress in South China

Sap flow and environmental conditions were monitored at two Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) plantations at Hetou and Jijia, located in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. It was found that daily sap flux density (SFD) of Eucalyptus was closely related to daily atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) (R(2)=0.76, P=0.01 at Hetou and R(2)=0.7021, P=0.01 at Jijia) at both sites. No significant relationship existed between daily SFD and mean daily air temperature at both sites. Daily SFD varied with wind speed Y=−17585X(3)+15147X(2)−1250.7X+2278.4 (R(2)=0.68; P=0.01) at Hetou and Y=−101.67X(3)−1.65X(2)−376.4X+1914.8 (R(2)=0.40, P=0.05) at Jijia, where Y was daily SFD, X was daily wind speed. Experimental observations yielded the following data: (1) the critical lower and upper daily VPD threshold were 0 and 2 kPa, within which daily SFD varied from 540±70 L/(m(2)·d) to 4739±115 L/(m(2)·d) at Hetou site, from 397±26 L/(m(2)·d) to 3414±191 L/(m(2)·d) at Jijia site; (2) Diurnal SFDs at Hetou site were much higher under low relative humidity (<30%) and slightly lower under high relative humidity (>80%) compared with those at the Jijia site; (3) The upper and lower threshold of daily and diurnal RAD for the optimal water use of E. urophylla plantations were 18±2.7 and 2±1 MJ/(m(2)·d), 669 and 0 J/(cm(2)·h) during the observation period

Alterações morfológicas e alocação de biomassa em plantas jovens de espécies florestais sob diferentes condições de sombreamento Morphologic alterations and biomass allocation in young plants of forestry species under different conditions of shading

A seleção de espécies nativas e/ou exóticas para recuperação de ambientes degradados ou alterados pode ser baseada no potencial de aclimatação das espécies a diferentes níveis de luminosidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do sombreamento (0%, 30% e 50% de interceptação da radiação solar incidente) no crescimento, na alocação de biomassa e nos teores de clorofila total de plantas jovens de quatro espécies florestais de diferentes grupos ecológicos: Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (moreira), Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn. (fedegoso), Hymenaea courbaril L. var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee et Lang. (jatobá) e Acacia mangium Willd. (acácia). Os maiores teores de clorofila total foram observados em condições sombreadas, para todas as espécies. A espécie clímax exigente em luz (moreira), apresentou os maiores resultados de crescimento. Em condições de pleno sol, a espécie pioneira (acácia) alocou mais biomassa em folhas enquanto que a espécie clímax exigente em luz (moreira) produziu mais raízes. Estas observações evidenciam o potencial de aclimatação a diferentes condições de disponibilidade de irradiação, que deve ser considerado em programas de recuperação de ambientes degradados e manejo de áreas naturais.<br>The selection of native and/or exotic species for recovery of degraded or perturbed environment can be associated with the acclimatation potential of species in different conditions of shading. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of shading (0%, 30% and 50% of interception of the incident solar radiation) on growth, biomass allocation and chlorophyll levels in young plants of forestry species from different ecological groups: Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. (moreira), Senna macranthera (Collad.) Irwin et Barn. (fedegoso), Hymenaea courbaril L. var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee et Lang. (jatobá) e Acacia mangium Willd. (acácia). The results obtained showed that the higher chlorophyll levels were observed in shaded conditions for all species. The climax lighting demanding specie (moreira) showed the highest growth. In sunny conditions, the pioneer species (acacia) produced more leaves while the climax light demanding species (moreira) produced more roots. These observations indicated that these species are capable of acclimation to different conditions of radiation availability, a result that should be considered in regeneration programs of degraded environment and management of natural areas