Definitions of basic terms relating to polymer liquid crystals (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)

The document first gives definitions of basic terms related to liquid-crystalline and mesomorphic states of matter and then terms specific to the classification of liquid-crystal polymers. The terms have been restricted to those most commonly encountered in the structural description of the latter class of materials. The terms have been selected from the recently published comprehensive document "Definitions of basic terms relating to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals" [Pure and Applied Chemistry 73 (5), 845-895 (2001)] and are intended to form a readily usable guide for the reader interested in the structural description of polymer liquid crystals. The more comprehensive document should be used for terminology associated with types of mesophases and the optical and physical characteristics of liquid-crystalline materials. The advice given by representatives of the International Liquid Crystal Society for the preparation of this document is gratefully acknowledged.Fil:Barón, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics: fifty years of chemical information science

This paper summarises the historical development of the discipline that is now called ‘chemoinformatics’. It shows how this has evolved, principally as a result of technological developments in chemistry and biology during the past decade, from long-established techniques for the modelling and searching of chemical molecules. A total of 30 papers, the earliest dating back to 1957, are briefly summarised to highlight some of the key publications and to show the development of the discipline

Carbonylation

Carbonylation reactions constitute potent methodologies for the synthesis of all kinds of carbonyl containing compounds. Such transformations, which require the presence of additional oxidants, are usually cataloged as so‐called “oxidative carbonylations”. This chapter examines the catalytic systems that have been used for reductive and oxidative carbonylation. In addition, it provides a detailed case study of the rapid formation of essentially pure methyl methacrylate (MMA) from the methoxycarbonylation of propyne. The chapter also gives a case study that describes the development of a highly efficient class of homogeneous catalysts for the carbonylation of alkynes, which makes possible an economically competitive and environmentally benign process for MMA production. The chapter further reviews the synthesis of ethylene/CO copolymer with discussion of the reaction mechanisms. Finally, it also reviews the copolymerization of unfunctionalized and functionalized monosubstituted‐ethenes as well as imines

Definitions of basic terms relating to polymer liquid crystals (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)

The document first gives definitions of basic terms related to liquid-crystalline and mesomorphic states of matter and then terms specific to the classification of liquid-crystal polymers. The terms have been restricted to those most commonly encountered in the structural description of the latter class of materials. The terms have been selected from the recently published comprehensive document "Definitions of basic terms relating to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals" [Pure and Applied Chemistry 73 (5), 845-895 (2001)] and are intended to form a readily usable guide for the reader interested in the structural description of polymer liquid crystals. The more comprehensive document should be used for terminology associated with types of mesophases and the optical and physical characteristics of liquid-crystalline materials. The advice given by representatives of the International Liquid Crystal Society for the preparation of this document is gratefully acknowledged.Fil:Barón, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina