Industrial processing investment and development for the fisheries of Lake Victoria: present and future concerns

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to recent developments in the industrial fish processing sector linked to Lake Victoria, and to consider their implications for the present and future state of the fisheries in both techno-environmental and socio-economic terms. The paper begins with a review highlighting earlier experiences with fisheries commercialisation in and around the Lake. It concludes with some specific proposals for actions aimed at averting or at least minimising the negative impacts of, and encouraging consolidating the benefits associated with, proliferation of industrial processing enterprise

Laparoscopic technology for the treatment of endometrial cancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135313/1/ijgo176.pd

An Ecological Basis for Ecosystem Management

This report was prepared by the Southwestern Regional Ecosystem Management Study Team composed of management and research biologists. The USDA Forest Service Southwestern Regions Regional Forester, Larry Henson, and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Director, Denver Burns, chartered this team to recommend an ecological basis for ecosystem management. This report is not intended to provide details on all aspects of ecosystem management; it simply provides information and makes recommendations for an ecological basis for ecosystem management. The report is not a decision document. It does not allocate resources on public lands nor does it make recommendations to that effect. The report of this Study Team may be relied upon as input in processes initiated under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), National Forest Management Act (NFMA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), Administrative Procedures Act (APA), and other applicable laws. The information contained in this report is general in nature, rather than site specific. Implementation of ecosystem management and allocation of resources on Forest Service administered lands is the responsibility of the National Forest System in partnership with Forest Service Research and State and Private Forestry. Implementation is done through Forest and project plans that are subject to the NEPA process of disclosing the effects of proposed actions and affording the opportunity for public comment. The Southwestern Region follows a planning process for projects called Integrated Resource Management (IRM). The opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily represent the policy or position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Forest Service, The Nature Conservancy, or the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The Study Team acknowledges the valuable input of more than 50 individuals from various agencies, universities, professional organizations, and other groups who provided thoughtful comments of an earlier draft of this document. Some of their comments are included in Appendix 3

Social Seed Networks for Climate Change Adaptation in Western Kenya: Results from a study to better understand farmers’ primary sources of seed information in the Nyando Climate-Smart Villages

Kenyan smallholder farmers are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including increased temperatures and variability in precipitation, which results in shorter growing seasons in most areas of East Africa (Adhikari et al. 2015). One strategy for adapting to these climactic changes is to utilise genetic resources to mitigate the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses (IPCC 2014). Farmers could benefit from accessing and exchanging genetic resources, seed, and the information needed to use those resources effectively. Farmers’ seed networks are believed to supply about 80% of seed to farmers in Kenya, where, for example, 75-80% of seed used by farmers’ is from ‘informal’ systems. Farmer seed networks are important for accessing seed and providing genetic diversity that is vital for resilience (Louwaars et al., 2013). Research in East Africa has suggested that community-generated information sharing might support more effective farmer response to the changing seasonal and weather patterns associated with climate change (Comes et al. 2015). However, little is known about the farmers’ social seed networks in supporting adaptation to climate change in Kenya

The Detection of Incipient Caries with Tracer Dyes

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in color contrast produced by the use of a tracer dye in detection of incipient caries lesions with transillumination. Twenty four caries-free first premolars were immersed in an acid gelatin for production of artificial incipient caries lesions. After the lesions had developed, these teeth were photographed by transillumination. Two photographs were taken of each tooth. The first photograph showed the lesion without dye. A blue tracer dye was then added and absorbed by the lesion, and a second photograph was taken. The data on the color difference were obtained by use of a reflectance colorimeter and showed a four-fold increase between the lesion and surrounding area with the dye. A two-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical interpretation. The color difference between the lesion without the dye and then with the dye was significant. The use of the blue tracer dye, therefore, significantly increased the contrast in the images of the artificial incipient lesions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68289/2/10.1177_00220345890680021101.pd

Social Seed Networks and Climate Change Adaptation in Central Tanzania: Results from a study to better understand farmers’ primary sources of seed information in Dodoma and Singida Districts, Tanzania

Tanzanian smallholder farmers are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, especially the resultant rainfall variability. One strategy for adapting to the changing climate is to utilise genetic seed sources to resist abiotic and biotic stressors. Another strategy is to access and exchange genetic resources, seed, and the information needed to use those resources effectively. In Tanzania, ‘farmer managed’ seed networks are believed to supply about 80-90 percent of seeds to farmers (Below et al., 2015). Farmer seed networks are an important element of seed access because they are resilient and work to maintain and conserve crop genetic diversity. Research in East Africa has suggested that community-generated information sharing might support more effective farmer response to the changing seasonal and weather patterns associated with climate change (Balama et al., 2013)

Social seed networks and climate change adaptation in East Africa

Our study investigates the routes of information flow through which smallholder exchange seed and information. We then examine how these exchanges among farmer networks can be improved. In order to examine the characteristics of these networks, our study analyzed household-level survey data collected by Bioversity International from sites in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Current seed sources and climate adaptation strategies were determined by creating summary statistics from the survey data. UCINET network analyses were conducted to acquire a more specific understanding of the current social networks among farmers. Seed networks were categorized by country, gender, and crop and then analyzed to determine where the distribution of seed and information can be improved and utilized

Social Seed Networks for Climate Change Adaptation in Uganda: Strategies to Improve Access to Genetic Diversity and Information. Results from a study to better understand farmers’ primary sources of seed and information in the Hoima Climate-Smart Villages

Climate change poses serious threats to smallholder farmers in Uganda. For instance, rains often start late in the season and end early, reducing the growing season. Increasing and maintaining genetic diversity is one way of combatting these climatic change-related threats (IPCC, 2014). Farmers often manage, select, and conserve genetic diversity according to their needs, but climate change is quickly eroding this genetic diversity. Accessing genetic resources and related information is therefore paramount to farmers’ ability to cope with the effects of climate change. Farmers’ seed networks are a crucial element of access to seed because they are resilient and help to maintain and conserve crop genetic diversity (Pautasso et al. 2013). In Uganda, 85% of the seed is from ‘informal’ sources consisting of seed saved from own farm as well as seed obtained from neighbours and other local sources. Research in East Africa has suggested that community-generated information sharing might support more effective farmer response to the changing seasonal and weather patterns associated with climate change (Adhikari et al. 2015). However, the influence of Ugandan farmers’ social networks in supporting adaptation to climate change is not well known

The 3D Structure of N132D in the LMC: A Late-Stage Young Supernova Remnant

We have used the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) on the 2.3m telescope at Siding Spring Observatory to map the [O III] 5007{\AA} dynamics of the young oxygen-rich supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud. From the resultant data cube, we have been able to reconstruct the full 3D structure of the system of [O III] filaments. The majority of the ejecta form a ring of ~12pc in diameter inclined at an angle of 25 degrees to the line of sight. We conclude that SNR N132D is approaching the end of the reverse shock phase before entering the fully thermalized Sedov phase of evolution. We speculate that the ring of oxygen-rich material comes from ejecta in the equatorial plane of a bipolar explosion, and that the overall shape of the SNR is strongly influenced by the pre-supernova mass loss from the progenitor star. We find tantalizing evidence of a polar jet associated with a very fast oxygen-rich knot, and clear evidence that the central star has interacted with one or more dense clouds in the surrounding ISM.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Astrophysics & Space Science, 18pp, 8 figure