115 research outputs found
Historical review of uranium-vanadium in the eastern Carrizo Mountains, San Juan County, New Mexico and Apache County, Arizona
This report is a brief review of the uranium and/or vanadium mining in the eastern Carrizo Mountains, San Juan County, New Mexico and Apache County, Arizona. It was prepared at the request of the Navajo Tribe, the New Mexico Energy and Minerals Department, and the Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology. This report deals only with historical production data. The locations of the mines and the production are presented in figures and tables
Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
Background:
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation.
Methods:
This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92% on air or requiring oxygen therapy) and evidence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein ≥75 mg/L) were eligible for random assignment in a 1:1 ratio to usual standard of care alone versus usual standard of care plus tocilizumab at a dose of 400 mg–800 mg (depending on weight) given intravenously. A second dose could be given 12–24 h later if the patient's condition had not improved. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936).
Findings:
Between April 23, 2020, and Jan 24, 2021, 4116 adults of 21 550 patients enrolled into the RECOVERY trial were included in the assessment of tocilizumab, including 3385 (82%) patients receiving systemic corticosteroids. Overall, 621 (31%) of the 2022 patients allocated tocilizumab and 729 (35%) of the 2094 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·85; 95% CI 0·76–0·94; p=0·0028). Consistent results were seen in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including those receiving systemic corticosteroids. Patients allocated to tocilizumab were more likely to be discharged from hospital within 28 days (57% vs 50%; rate ratio 1·22; 1·12–1·33; p<0·0001). Among those not receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, patients allocated tocilizumab were less likely to reach the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (35% vs 42%; risk ratio 0·84; 95% CI 0·77–0·92; p<0·0001).
Interpretation:
In hospitalised COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and systemic inflammation, tocilizumab improved survival and other clinical outcomes. These benefits were seen regardless of the amount of respiratory support and were additional to the benefits of systemic corticosteroids.
Funding:
UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research
Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial
Background:
Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.
Methods:
This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.
Findings:
Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79).
Interpretation:
In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes.
Funding:
UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research
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The Carrizo "Gold" Mine
Herbert E. Gregory (1917) in his classic report on the Navajo Indian Reservation mentions a silver and gold occurrence in the Carrizo Mountains. Gregory did not locate this reported occurrence and there is no other reference to it in the literature. Some old mine workings, once thought to be related to uranium- vanadium prospecting, examined by the author in 1985 are believed to be the so-called Carrizo "gold" mine.Documents in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]
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Summary of Vanadium Ores Received at the Metals Reserve Company’s Farmington, New Mexico Ore Buying Station, 1943-1944
While researching sources of information on pre-U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) carnotite mining on the Navajo Indian Reservation, the author discovered another source. Records of an ore buying station in Farmington, New Mexico operated for a federal vanadium program, provided additional information. The purpose of this report is to record this data.Documents in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]
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Geology and Production History of the Mitchell Butte Uranuim-Vanadium Mine, Navajo County, Arizona
The Mitchell Mesa Mine was developed on the rim of an isolated mesa within the Monument Valley Navajo Tribal Park in Navajo County, Arizona. This park, established by the Tribal Council on July 11, 1958, is composed of 29,817 acres of spectacular red rock mesas, buttes, monoliths and spires. At the time it was created, mining was not prohibited within the park. Mitchell Mesa is named for a prospector, who, together with his partner Merrick, were killed in this area in 1880. The prospectors, looking for a rich silver mine, had repeatedly disregarded warnings not to trespass in the valley. Both men were shot near Mitchell Butte, but Merrick lived long enough to make his way to the butte that bear his name (Baars and others, 1973). Due to the difficult access to the top of the mesa, the ore deposit was not exploited until 1962, 1965-1966. Since this was late in the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's (ABC) ore-procurement program (1947~1970) very little information was developed about this small mine. Recently, some information was located in the AEC files stored at the Department of Energy's Grand Junction Projects Office in Grand Junction, Colorado. This report summarizes what is known about the Mitchell Mesa uranium-vanadium mine.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected])
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Early vanadium-uranium mining in Monument Valley, Apache and Navajo Counties, Arizona, and San Juan County, Utah
During the period 1942 through 1944, the Office of Indian Affairs, U. S. Department of the Interior, leased four parcels of land in Monument Valley, Arizona and Utah for carnotite mining. Two leases in Arizona, Monument No.1 and Monument No.2, produced a total of 4,014 tons of ore averaging 1.87% V205. Another lease, Utah No.1, located on the eastern tip of Oljeto Mesa, produced nearly 52 tons of ore averaging 4.03% U308 and 5.50% V205. Since the ore averaged greater than 1.50% U308, payment was received for the uranium, in addition the vanadium. This represents the initial mining of uranium ore on the Navajo Indian Reservation. (13 pages)Documents in the AZGS Document Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected]
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Geology and Production History of the Big Chief Uranium Mine, Navajo County, Arizona
The Big Chief Mine was one of six uranium mines located on the eastern flank of the Oljeto syncline in the Monument Valley area of Navajo County, Arizona, and developed during the 1950's by the Industrial Uranium Company of Salt Lake City, Utah. Of these six mines (Big Chief, Moonlight, Starlight, Starlight East, Sunlight, and Sunlight South), the Big Chief was the shallowest and produced the least uranium (Table 1). A map of the underground workings (Figure 1) and other data pertaining to the Big Chief Mine were recently located in the files of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at the Denver Federal Center.l Warren 1. Finch of the USGS permitted me to copy the map for the Arizona Geological Survey. Most of the information in this report is from U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) documents. John J. Borkert, a former mining engineer with the Industrial Uranium Company of Salt Lake City, Utah, supplied pertinent details about the mine.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected])
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The Exploration and Production History of the Uranium-Vanadium Mines on Yazzie Mesa, Monument Valley, Apache County, Arizona
Yazzie Mesa is a small mesa north of Vanadium Corporation of America's (YCA) 1943 Monument No.2 lease in northwestern Apache County, Arizona. This lease was originally mined for vanadium, but beginning in 1947 was mined for both uranium and vanadium. In 1950, two local Navajos, John M. Yazzie and Chester Tso obtained Navajo Tribal Mining Permits (MPs) on Yazzie Mesa on the northern trend of the Monument No.2 ore deposit. Mr. Tso's MP was never developed and it was dropped. Chee Nez later acquired that area. The report documents the production history of the Yazzie and Nez mines. Yazzie Mesa, a name accepted by the U.S. Board of Geographic names, is shown on the Rooster Rock topographic quadrangle (USGS, 1988) north of the Monument No. 2 open at the center of the right-hand margin of the quadrangle. The Monument No.2 mine area is located in the extreme northwestern area of Apache County, Arizona (Figure 1). The mine is in the Cane Valley on the eastern flank of the Monument Uplift. Access to the mine area was via a 19-mile dirt road that headed south from U.S. Highway 163 one mile south of the bridge over the San Juan River at Mexican Hat, Utah. Another access road went from the mine, over Comb Ridge, and connected to U.S. Highway 160 near Mexican Water, Arizona.Documents in the AZGS Documents Repository collection are made available by the Arizona Geological Survey (AZGS) and the University Libraries at the University of Arizona. For more information about items in this collection, please contact [email protected])
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