Gauged Lifshitz scalar field theories in two dimensions

We present two-dimensional gauged Lifshitz scalar field theories by considering the duality relation between the source current and the Noether current. Requiring the duality partially, we obtain a gauged model which recovers the bosonized Schwinger model for the IR limit. For the exact duality, however, the source current is not conserved, which means that the resulting theory is anomalous, so that the number of degrees of freedom is increased. The second model is consistently formulated by adding the Wess-Zumino type action to maintain the gauge invariance.Comment: 11 page

Current reversal with type-I intermittency in deterministic inertia ratchets

The intermittency is investigated when the current reversal occurs in a deterministic inertia ratchet system. To determine which type the intermittency belongs to, we obtain the return map of velocities of particle using stroboscopic recording, and numerically calculate the distribution of average laminar length ${}$. The distribution follows the scaling law of ${} \propto {\epsilon}^{-1/2}$, the characteristic relation of type-I intermittency.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure