一种内燃发动机点火系统 Ignition system of internal combustion engine

本实用新型公开了一种内燃发动机点火系统，包括：电磁波源、耦合装置、汽缸和控制单元，其中，所述控制单元，监测当前的内燃发动机转速，并在达到所述内燃发动机转速的点火提前角度时通知电磁波源；所述电磁波源，产生一处于所述汽缸固有频率的范围内的固定频率的电磁波；所述耦合装置，将所述电磁波输入所述汽缸；所述耦合装置的探入汽缸的火花塞接口的部分和汽缸，构成谐振腔，使所述电磁波在汽缸内被谐振放大后产生的电场强度大于发生点火的临界电场强度。本实用新型能够在不改变现有内燃发动机结构的前提下，替代现有内燃发动机高压火花点火系统的火花塞将电磁波有效地耦合入汽缸内，并大大提高射频和电磁波点火的成功机率。 The utility model discloses an ignition system of an internal combustion engine, which includes an electromagnetic wave source, a coupling device, a steam cylinder and a control unit, wherein the control unit is used for monitoring the current rotating speed of the internal combustion engine, and informing the electromagnetic wave source when the ignition advance angle of the rotating speed of the internal combustion engine is reached; the electromagnetic wave source generates an electromagnetic wave with a fixed frequency within the range of a natural frequency of the steam cylinder; the coupling device is used for inputting the electromagnetic wave into the steam cylinder; and the part of the coupling device extends to a spark plug connector of the steam cylinder to form a resonance cavity with the steam cylinder, so that the electric-field strength generated by the electromagnetic wave after resonance and amplification in the steam cylinder is bigger than the critical electric-field strength of ignition. According to the utility model, under the premise of without changing the structure of the conventional internal combustion engine, the spark plug substituting the high-pressure spark ignition system of the internal combustion engine effectively couples the electromagnetic wave in the steam cylinder, and the ignition success ratio of radio frequency and electromagnetic wave can be greatly improved

一种内燃发动机点火方法和系统 An internal combustion engine ignition system and method

本发明公开了一种内燃发动机点火方法和系统，其中，内燃发动机点火系统包括：电磁波源、耦合装置、汽缸和控制单元，其中，控制单元，监测当前的内燃发动机转速，并在达到所述内燃发动机转速的点火提前角度时通知电磁波源；电磁波源，产生一处于所述汽缸固有频率的范围内的固定频率的电磁波；耦合装置，将所述电磁波输入所述汽缸；耦合装置的探入汽缸的火花塞接口的部分和汽缸，构成谐振腔，使所述电磁波在汽缸内被谐振放大后产生的电场强度大于发生点火的临界电场强度。本发明能够在不改变现有内燃发动机结构的前提下，替代现有内燃发动机高压火花点火系统的火花塞将电磁波有效地耦合入汽缸内，并大大提高射频和电磁波点火的成功机率。 The present invention discloses a method and an internal combustion engine ignition system wherein the internal combustion engine ignition system comprising: a source of electromagnetic waves, the coupling means of the cylinder and a control unit, wherein the control means monitor the current speed of the internal combustion engine and reaches the combustion ignition engine rotational speed when the angle of advance notice of an electromagnetic wave source; electromagnetic source for generating a fixed frequency in the range of the natural frequency of the cylinder of an electromagnetic wave; coupling means, the electromagnetic wave into said cylinder; probe into the cylinder of the coupling means part of the spark plug and cylinder interface, constitute a resonant cavity, so that the electromagnetic wave in the cylinder after being amplified resonant electric field strength is greater than the critical field strength ignition occurs. The present invention can not change the existing structure of the internal combustion engine provided to replace the existing high voltage spark ignition internal combustion engine spark plug system to efficiently couple electromagnetic waves into the inner cylinder, and greatly increase the chances of successful ignition of the RF electromagnetic wave

An electromagnetic coupling device for the ignition of internal combustion engines 一种用于内燃发动机点火的电磁耦合装置

The electromagnetic coupling is disclosed for an internal combustion engine ignition apparatus, comprising: a transmission unit and a transmission unit in the extending direction of the coupling antenna, wherein the transmission unit according to the internal dimensions of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine equivalent input Impedance provided directly or geometry; the coupling antenna, further comprising: a central antenna, the central antenna to extend the center conductor of the transmission unit, and into the cylinder. The present invention can not change the existing structure of the internal combustion engine provided to replace the existing high voltage spark ignition internal combustion engine spark plug system to efficiently couple electromagnetic waves into the inner cylinder, and greatly increase the chances of successful ignition of the RF electromagnetic wave. 本发明公开了一种用于内燃发动机点火的电磁耦合装置，包括：传输单元及处于所述传输单元延伸方向的耦合天线，其中，所述传输单元的内部尺寸根据内燃发动机的汽缸的等效输入阻抗或几何形状直接进行设置；所述耦合天线，进一步包括：中心天线，所述中心天线为所述传输单元的中心导体的延伸，并伸入汽缸内。本发明能够在不改变现有内燃发动机结构的前提下，替代现有内燃发动机高压火花点火系统的火花塞将电磁波有效地耦合入汽缸内，并大大提高射频和电磁波点火的成功机率

Activities of some enzymes associated with oxygen metablolism, lipid peroxidation and cell permeability in dehydrated Malus micromalus seedlings

Measurements were made on the relative water content, cell permeability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Malus micromalus seedlingduring dehydration in vitro in whole seedling and during dehydration in culture of different PEG 6000 concentration. The results indicated that SOD and CAT activities increased during dehydration from 0 to 3 h and decreased after dehydration for 3 h; MDA content decreased before 3 h dehydration and the MDA content and cell permeability increased significantly after 3 h in various treatments of dehydration (in vitro and in whole seedling). SOD and CAT activities in 20 days seedlings were higher than those in 10 days seedlings whereas the MDA content and cell permeability in 20 days seedlings were lower than those in 10 days seedlings. In 20 days seedlings during dehydration in vitro, SOD and CAT  activities in leaves were higher than those in root and the latter was higher than those in stem. However, the MDA content and cell permeability in leaves were lower than those in root which in turn were lower than those in stem. Significant correlations and regressions exist among the changes observed in the SOD activity, CAT activity, MDA content, cell permeability and the relative water content

Fourth ABC Index and Fifth GA Index of Certain Special Molecular Graphs

Several chemical indices have been introduced in theoretical chemistry to measure the properties of molecular structures, such as atom bond connectivity index and geometric-arithmetic index. In this paper, we present the fourth atom bond connectivity index and fifth geometric-arithmetic index of fan molecular graph, wheel molecular graph, gear fan molecular graph, gear wheel molecular graph, and their r-corona molecular graphs

A Fair and Secure Cluster Formation Process for Ad Hoc Networks

An efficient approach for organizing large ad hoc networks is to divide the nodes into multiple clusters and designate, for each cluster, a clusterhead which is responsible for holding intercluster control information. The role of a clusterhead entails rights and duties. On the one hand, it has a dominant position in front of the others because it manages the connectivity and has access to other node¿s sensitive information. But on the other hand, the clusterhead role also has some associated costs. Hence, in order to prevent malicious nodes from taking control of the group in a fraudulent way and avoid selfish attacks from suitable nodes, the clusterhead needs to be elected in a secure way. In this paper we present a novel solution that guarantees the clusterhead is elected in a cheat-proof manner

Spin relaxation in mesoscopic superconducting Al wires

We studied the diffusion and the relaxation of the polarized quasiparticle spins in superconductors. To that end, quasiparticles of polarized spins were injected through an interface of a mesoscopic superconducting Al wire in proximity contact with an overlaid ferromagnetic Co wire in the single-domain state. The superconductivity was observed to be suppressed near the spin-injecting interface, as evidenced by the occurrence of a finite voltage for a bias current below the onset of the superconducting transition. The spin diffusion length, estimated from finite voltages over a certain length of Al wire near the interface, was almost temperature independent in the temperature range sufficiently below the superconducting transition but grew as the transition temperature was approached. This temperature dependence suggests that the relaxation of the spin polarization in the superconducting state is governed by the condensation of quasiparticles to the paired state. The spin relaxation in the superconducting state turned out to be more effective than in the normal state.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Inversion formula and Parsval theorem for complex continuous wavelet transforms studied by entangled state representation

In a preceding Letter (Opt. Lett. 32, 554 (2007)) we have proposed complex continuous wavelet transforms (CCWTs) and found Laguerre--Gaussian mother wavelets family. In this work we present the inversion formula and Parsval theorem for CCWT by virtue of the entangled state representation, which makes the CCWT theory complete. A new orthogonal property of mother wavelet in parameter space is revealed.Comment: 4 pages no figur