Tariffs and Steel: The US Safeguard Actions

This paper presents a multi-product price linked spatial equilibrium model of world steel trade. The model is used to analyse the impacts of the safeguard trade barriers brought about by the United States in order to protect their domestic industry from so called unfair competition. Emphasis is placed on the likely effect to the Australian industry and possible policy responses available to the industry. A case study is made on Australia's three largest export products, namely slab, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, which share some substitutability in supply and demand due to the nature of the industry.trade, spatial equilibrium model, steel, International Relations/Trade,

Tariffs and steel: US safeguard actions

A multiproduct spatial equilibrium model of world steel trade is presented in this paper. The model is used to analyse the impacts of the safeguard trade barriers brought about by the USA in order to protect their domestic industry from the so-called unfair competition. Emphasis is placed on the likely effect on the Australian industry and possible policy responses available to the industry. A case study is made of Australia’s three largest export products; namely, slab, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, which share some substitutability in supply and demand because of the nature of the industry. As a result of the safeguard barriers to steel trade, world steel prices fell and trade shifted away from the USA to other importing regions.spatial equilibrium model, steel, trade, International Relations/Trade,

Bioeconomic analysis of protected area use in fisheries management

Protected areas in fishery management have been suggested to hedge management failures and variation in harvests. In this paper, a stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery in the Manning Bioregion is used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery. The establishment of a protected area is analysed under the assumption of heterogenous environments that are linked via density-dependent or sink-source stock dispersal relationships. The sensitivity of the results to different degrees of management is also explored. The model is applied to the Ocean Prawn Trawl, and Ocean Trap and Line fisheries within Manning Bioregion in New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery. It was found that protected area use in the Manning Bioregion is likely to have differing effects on the two fisheries examined, benefiting Ocean Trap and Line fishers but adversely affecting Ocean Prawn Trawl fishers. Overall, it is unlikely that protected area use will lead to an increase resource rent in the fishery.bioeconomics, fisheries management, marine protected areas, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Untangling the Benefits of Protected Areas in Fisheries

Studies of marine protected areas as a tool for fisheries management have shown that protected areas have the potential to improve the level of resource rent generated in the fishery. The benefits to the fishery from protected areas have been shown to increase with sub-optimal management. However, some benefit that is derived from protected area creation in these circumstances is attributed to changes in effort levels. Both unique benefits, such as the hedge benefits of protected area creation, and non-unique benefits, such as shifts in effort levels towards optimal levels, are explored. Examples are taken from analysis of protected area creation in a predator-prey meta-population fishery under several different scenarios. It is suggested that much of the gain from protected area creation under sub-optimal management can be attributed to non-unique benefits, with the policy implications of this analysis also explored.Bioeconomics, fisheries management, marine protected areas, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q22,

A Bioeconomic Analysis of Protected Area use in Fisheries Management

The use of protected areas as a fishery management tool has been suggested as a hedge against management failures and variation in harvests. A stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery will be used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery with heterogenous environments. Protected areas are analysed under density-dependent and sink-source dispersal relationships between environments within the fishery. Differing levels of management control over fishery resource extraction are analysed. The model is applied to Manning Bioregion in NSW. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management

The use of protected areas as a fishery management tool has been suggested as a hedge against management failures and variation in harvests. A stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery will be used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery with heterogenous environments. Protected areas are analysed under density-dependent and sink-source dispersal relationships between environments within the fishery. The model is applied to Manning Bioregion in NSW. Protected area performance as a tool for fisheries will be analysed given the existing management arrangement. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and economic characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery.Fisheries, Fisheries management, bioeconomics, marine protected areas, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q2, Q22, Q28, Q57,

Learning Together 1: an educational model for training GPs, paediatricians: initial findings.

Learning Together is primarily an educational intervention, where paediatric registrars [SpRs] and General Practice (GP) registrars [GPSTs] see children together in a primary care setting. Over a six month period in 2013/2014, 44 learning pairs were set up mainly in North East and Central London. Proof of concept for the model at scale was achieved. Reported learning demonstrated: clinical learning themes of new knowledge, skill and communication skills; and collaborative themes of ongoing collaboration, satisfaction with team working and change in attitudes. These themes were identified in both sets of trainees. The self-reported learning is backed up by the results of a retrospective notes review of four common conditions based on NICE guidelines; constipation, asthma, feverish illness and eczema (CAFE). Guidance adherence improved from 57% before the intervention in solo GP training consultations to 72% during the joint clinic intervention (p < 0.01). After the intervention when the GP registrars returned to normal consultations, guidance adherence was 77% compared to before the intervention (p < 0.01). In addition 99% of the parents, who handed in feedback forms or took part in interviews, reported a good experience of care, and 87% reported increased confidence to manage their children's health following the consultation. A second, linked article examines the cost utility of Learning Together in its South London extension

Crystal Structure Analyses of Androstane Derivatives and Organo-Arsenic Compounds

The thesis is divided into three parts: the first part is a brief review of the theory and methods of X-ray crystallography and the second and third parts contain examples of the application of the heavy atom method to structural problems in organic and organo-metallic chemistry respectively. The widespread occurrence of 4,4-dimethyl substituted 3-keto-5alpha-steroids and triterpenoids in nature and the high degree of substitution in ring A of these compounds has aroused interest in the conformation of ring A. In order to obtain quantitative information about the effect of the 1-3 interaction of the axial methyl groups on the conformation of ring A, the crystal structure analyses of 3-keto-4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-androstane-17beta-iodoacetate and its 19-nor analogue have been completed and are contained in part II of this thesis. The analyses establish that, in the solid state, ring A adopts a partially flattened chair conformation in the former case and an undistorted chair conformation in the latter. Part III contains the crystal structure analyses of three compounds, viz. triphenyl arsenic dihydroxide, triphenyl arsenic hydroxychloride and triphenyl arsenic hydroxybromide. These compounds are produced by either complete or partial hydrolysis of the corresponding triphenylarsine dihalides and have been formulated as Ph3As(OH)2 , Ph3As(OH)Cl and Ph3As(OH)Br respectively. By analogy with other compounds containing penta-coordinate group VB elements, these compounds have been assumed to adopt a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The crystal structure analysis of the dihydroxide establishes that, in the solid state, the compound is, in fact, triphenylarsine oxide monohydrate. The analyses of the hydroxyhalides establish that the halogen is not bonded to the arsenic atom in either case and that the compounds are more correctly formulated as 1:1 adducts of triphenylarsine oxide and the corresponding halogen acid. The composition of the adducts is maintained by a very short 0...Halogen hydrogen bond

Fermat hypersurfaces and Subcanonical curves

We extend the classical Enriques-Petri Theorem to $s$-subcanonical projectively normal curves, proving that such a curve is $(s+2)$-gonal if and only if it is contained in a surface of minimal degree. Moreover, we show that any Fermat hypersurface of degree $s+2$ is apolar to an $s$-subcanonical $(s+2)$-gonal projectively normal curve, and vice versa.Comment: 18 pages; AMS-LaTe

The Effects of Substituting Glassware for Plasticware and the Use of an Ethanol Vector on Oocyte Maturation In Vitro

The intent of this study was to evaluate specific technical aspects of in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM), which included container material and solvent delivery vector. Oocytes were matured in oil-free, open-well systems contained in either plastic or glass dishes and compared to control oocytes matured in media droplets on plastic dishes overlaid with mineral oil. Open-well experiments were repeated with ethanol in a quantity sufficient for delivery of nonmiscible compounds. Cleavage rates were significantly decreased in the glassware system when compared to controls. The plasticware open-well system did not differ from either the controls or the glassware groups. Cleavage in glassware with ethanol was significantly lower than controls or plasticware with ethanol. Blastocyst rates were only decreased in the glassware-ethanol treatment when compared to plasticware-ethanol treatment. Cell counts and percentage of TUNEL-positive cells did not differ significantly. Unexpectedly, sex ratio was significantly decreased (34% male) from the expected value of 50% male in the glassware group with added ethanol. The current study demonstrates the sensitivity of IVM to subtle technical changes, resulting in significant developmental consequences