Perceptions of Blame in Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Perpetrator\u27s Ability to Arouse Fear of Injury in the Victim

Men are more likely to be blamed more for intimate partner violence (IPV) than are women who commit the same offense. However, because men are typically stronger and perceived as more physically aggressive than women are, perpetrator sex is confounded with masculinity and the ability to arouse fear in the victim. This study disentangled the construct of gender in understanding bystanders’ attributions of blame in IPV. Participants (N = 639) read a scenario in which the perpetrator’s sex (male/female) and gender identity (masculine/feminine), and the victim’s sex (male/female) were manipulated and rated how much they blamed the perpetrator and the perpetrator’s ability to arouse fear of injury in the victim. Results showed that male perpetrators (regardless of gender identity) who assaulted a female victim were attributed the most blame and were perceived as having the greatest ability to arouse victim fear. In contrast, feminine female perpetrators were attributed the least blame and perceived as arousing the least victim fear regardless of the victim’s gender. Furthermore, controlling for the perpetrator’s ability to arouse fear in the victim resulted in the elimination of the interaction effects for blame. This finding suggests that perpetrators’ ability to arouse fear is an underlying factor in bystanders’ attributions of blame

They are Small Worlds After All: Revised Properties of Kepler M Dwarf Stars and their Planets

We classified the reddest ($r-J>2.2$) stars observed by the NASA $Kepler$ mission into main sequence dwarf or evolved giant stars and determined the properties of 4216 M dwarfs based on a comparison of available photometry with that of nearby calibrator stars, as well as available proper motions and spectra. We revised the properties of candidate transiting planets using the stellar parameters, high-resolution imaging to identify companion stars, and, in the case of binaries, fitting light curves to identify the likely planet host. In 49 of 54 systems we validated the primary as the host star. We inferred the intrinsic distribution of M dwarf planets using the method of iterative Monte Carlo simulation. We compared several models of planet orbital geometry and clustering and found that one where planets are exponentially distributed and almost precisely coplanar best describes the distribution of multi-planet systems. We determined that $Kepler$ M dwarfs host an average of $2.2 \pm 0.3$ planets with radii of 1-4$R_{\oplus}$ and orbital periods of 1.5-180 d. The radius distribution peaks at $\sim 1.2R_{\oplus}$ and is essentially zero at $4R_{\oplus}$, although we identify three giant planet candidates other than the previously confirmed Kepler-45b. There is suggestive but not significant evidence that the radius distribution varies with orbital period. The distribution with logarithmic orbital period is flat except for a decline for orbits less than a few days. Twelve candidate planets, including two Jupiter-size objects, experience an irradiance below the threshold level for a runaway greenhouse on an Earth-like planet and are thus in a "habitable zone".Comment: MNRAS, in press. Tables 1, 3, and 4 are available in electronic form in the "anc" director

Lower bounds for communication capacities of two-qudit unitary operations

We show that entangling capacities based on the Jamiolkowski isomorphism may be used to place lower bounds on the communication capacities of arbitrary bipartite unitaries. Therefore, for these definitions, the relations which have been previously shown for two-qubit unitaries also hold for arbitrary dimensions. These results are closely related to the theory of the entanglement-assisted capacity of channels. We also present more general methods for producing ensembles for communication from initial states for entanglement creation.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, comments welcom

Quantum data processing and error correction

This paper investigates properties of noisy quantum information channels. We define a new quantity called {\em coherent information} which measures the amount of quantum information conveyed in the noisy channel. This quantity can never be increased by quantum information processing, and it yields a simple necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of perfect quantum error correction.Comment: LaTeX, 20 page

Evolution equation of entanglement for general bipartite systems

We explore how entanglement of a general bipartite system evolves when one subsystem undergoes the action of an arbitrary noisy channel. It is found that the dynamics of entanglement for general bipartite systems under the influence of such channel is determined by the channel's action on the maximally entangled state, which includes as a special case the results for two-qubit systems [Nature Physics 4, 99 (2008)]. In particular, for multi-qubit or qubit-qudit systems, we get a general factorization law for evolution equation of entanglement with one qubit being subject to a noisy channel. Our results can help the experimental characterization of entanglement dynamics.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Generalized Massive Gravity and Galilean Conformal Algebra in two dimensions

Galilean conformal algebra (GCA) in two dimensions arises as contraction of two copies of the centrally extended Virasoro algebra ($t\rightarrow t, x\rightarrow\epsilon x$ with $\epsilon\rightarrow 0$). The central charges of GCA can be expressed in term of Virasoro central charges. For finite and non-zero GCA central charges, the Virasoro central charges must behave as asymmetric form $O(1)\pm O(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$. We propose that, the bulk description for 2d GCA with asymmetric central charges is given by general massive gravity (GMG) in three dimensions. It can be seen that, if the gravitational Chern-Simons coupling $\frac{1}{\mu}$ behaves as of order O($\frac{1}{\epsilon}$) or ($\mu\rightarrow\epsilon\mu$), the central charges of GMG have the above $\epsilon$ dependence. So, in non-relativistic scaling limit $\mu\rightarrow\epsilon\mu$, we calculated GCA parameters and finite entropy in term of gravity parameters mass and angular momentum of GMG.Comment: 9 page

Contextual, Optimal and Universal Realization of the Quantum Cloning Machine and of the NOT gate

A simultaneous realization of the Universal Optimal Quantum Cloning Machine (UOQCM) and of the Universal-NOT gate by a quantum injected optical parametric amplification (QIOPA), is reported. The two processes, forbidden in their exact form for fundamental quantum limitations, are found universal and optimal, and the measured fidelity F<1 is found close to the limit values evaluated by quantum theory. This work may enlighten the yet little explored interconnections of fundamental axiomatic properties within the deep structure of quantum mechanics.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure