Development of critical and curious teachers? Practitioner inquiry in programs of primary teacher education

The attention to pre-service teacher inquiry in teacher education is growing. This document analysis is focused on the development of practitioner inquiry competences in teacher education programs for primary education in 19 different universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands. First, the intended purpose of pre-service teacher inquiry is studied. This provided six different aspects for the development of practitioner inquiry competences. In the second phase, the study was focused on how these aspects were operationalized in the described programs. Results show that research skills have been extensively described in all study programs in terms of intended learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities, and assessment. Research knowledge and application of research results are integrated in conducting research. Although the inquiry habit of mind is found most important in the rationale, the implementation rarely meets the principle of constructive alignment. Neither does the attention to inquiry stance in educational practice.</p

Zeegrasmitigaties Oosterschelde. Proeven met verplaatsen van Klein zeegras (Zostera noltii) in de Oosterschelde: mitigatiemaatregel bij dijkwerkzaamheden ZLD-6606A. Eindrapport, aangevuld met metingen 2014 en 2015

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新「借地借家法」の基本視点 : 「賃借権の物権化」論との関係で

Contains fulltext : 149114pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 149114_supplement.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access

Conduction band tuning by controlled alloying of Fe into Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite powders

Halide double perovskite semiconductors such as Cs2AgBiBr6 are widely investigated as a more stable, less toxic alternative to lead-halide perovskites in light conversion applications including photovoltaics and photoredox catalysis. However, the relatively large and indirect bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 limits efficient sunlight absorption. Here, we show that controlled replacement of Bi3+ with Fe3+ via mechanochemical synthesis results in a remarkable tunable absorption onset between 2.1 and ~1 eV. Our first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this bandgap reduction originates primarily from a lowering of the conduction band upon introduction of Fe3+. Furthermore, we find that the tunability of the conduction band energy is reflected in the photoredox activity of these semiconductors. Finally, our DFT calculations predict a direct bandgap when >50% of Bi3+ is replaced with Fe3+. Our findings open new avenues for enhancing the sunlight absorption of double perovskite semiconductors and for harnessing their full potential in sustainable energy applications

Living in the intertidal:Desiccation and shading reduce seagrass growth, but high salinity or population of origin have no additional effect

The limiting effects of stressors like desiccation, light and salinity on seagrass growth and distribution are well-studied. However, little is known about their interactive effects, and whether such effects might differ among populations that are adapted to different local conditions. In two laboratory experiments we tested (a) if growth and development of intertidal, temperate Zostera noltii is affected by emergence time (experiment 1 and 2), and (b) how this is affected by an additional, second stressor, namely shading (experiment 1) or high salinity (25, 30 and 35, experiment 2). In addition, we tested (c) whether the effects of emergence time and salinity varied between three different European seagrass populations (Saint-Jacut/France, Oosterschelde/The Netherlands, and Sylt/Germany), which are likely adapted to different salinity levels (experiment 2). In both experiments, emergence of 8 h per tidal cycle (of 12 h) had a negative effect on seagrass relative growth rate (RGR), and aboveground biomass. Emergence furthermore reduced either rhizome length (experiment 1) or belowground biomass (experiment 2). Shading (experiment 1) resulted in lower RGR and a two-fold higher aboveground/belowground ratio. We found no interactive effects of emergence and shading stress. Salinity (experiment 2) did not affect seagrass growth or morphology of any of the three populations. The three tested populations differed greatly in morphology but showed no differential response to emergence or salinity level (experiment 2). Our results indicate that emergence time and shading show an additive negative effect (no synergistic or antagonistic effect), making the plants still vulnerable to such combination, a combination that may occur as a consequence of self-shading during emergence or resulting from algal cover. Emergence time likely determines the upper limit of Z. noltii and such shading will likely lower the upper limit. Shading resulted in higher aboveground/belowground ratios as is a general response in seagrass. Z. noltii of different populations originating from salinity 30 and 35 seem tolerant to variations in salinity within the tested range. Our results indicate that the three tested populations show morphotypic rather than ecotypic variation, at least regarding the salinity and emergence, as there were no interactive effects with origin. For restoration, this implies that the salinity regime of the donor and receptor site of Z. noltii is of no concern within the salinity range 25-35