44 research outputs found
Mach-Zehnder Bragg interferometer for a Bose-Einstein Condensate
We construct a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using Bose-Einstein condensed
rubidium atoms and optical Bragg diffraction. In contrast to interferometers
based on normal diffraction, where only a small percentage of the atoms
contribute to the signal, our Bragg diffraction interferometer uses all the
condensate atoms. The condensate coherence properties and high phase-space
density result in an interference pattern of nearly 100% contrast. In
principle, the enclosed area of the interferometer may be arbitrarily large,
making it an ideal tool that could be used in the detection of vortices, or
possibly even gravitational waves.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference
1999, Postdeadline papers QPD12-
A new photon recoil experiment: towards a determination of the fine structure constant
We report on progress towards a measurement of the fine structure constant to
an accuracy of or better by measuring the ratio of the
Planck constant to the mass of the cesium atom. Compared to similar
experiments, ours is improved in three significant ways: (i) simultaneous
conjugate interferometers, (ii) multi-photon Bragg diffraction between same
internal states, and (iii) an about 1000 fold reduction of laser phase noise to
-138 dBc/Hz. Combining that with a new method to simultaneously stabilize the
phases of four frequencies, we achieve 0.2 mrad effective phase noise at the
location of the atoms. In addition, we use active stabilization to suppress
systematic effects due to beam misalignment.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Diffraction of complex molecules by structures made of light
We demonstrate that structures made of light can be used to coherently
control the motion of complex molecules. In particular, we show diffraction of
the fullerenes C60 and C70 at a thin grating based on a standing light wave. We
prove experimentally that the principles of this effect, well known from atom
optics, can be successfully extended to massive and large molecules which are
internally in a thermodynamic mixed state and which do not exhibit narrow
optical resonances. Our results will be important for the observation of
quantum interference with even larger and more complex objects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Bloch-Like Quantum Multiple Reflections of Atoms
We show that under certain circumstances an atom can follow an oscillatory
motion in a periodic laser profile with a Gaussian envelope. These oscillations
can be well explained by using a model of energetically forbidden spatial
regions. The similarities and differences with Bloch oscillations are
discussed. We demonstrate that the effect exists not only for repulsive but
also for attractive potentials, i.e. quantum multiple reflections are also
possible.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pages, 7 figure
Talbot Oscillations and Periodic Focusing in a One-Dimensional Condensate
An exact theory for the density of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate
with hard core particle interactions is developed in second quantization and
applied to the scattering of the condensate by a spatially periodic impulse
potential. The boson problem is mapped onto a system of free fermions obeying
the Pauli exclusion principle to facilitate the calculation. The density
exhibits a spatial focusing of the probability density as well as a periodic
self-imaging in time, or Talbot effect. Furthermore, the transition from single
particle to many body effects can be measured by observing the decay of the
modulated condensate density pattern in time. The connection of these results
to classical and atom optical phase gratings is made explicit
Bragg spectroscopy of a Bose-Einstein condensate
Properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate were studied by stimulated,
two-photon Bragg scattering. The high momentum and energy resolution of this
method allowed a spectroscopic measurement of the mean-field energy and of the
intrinsic momentum uncertainty of the condensate. The coherence length of the
condensate was shown to be equal to its size. Bragg spectroscopy can be used to
determine the dynamic structure factor over a wide range of energy and momentum
transfers.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
High resolution amplitude and phase gratings in atom optics
An atom-field geometry is chosen in which an atomic beam traverses a field
interaction zone consisting of three fields, one having frequency propagating in the direction and the other two having
frequencies and propagating in the
- direction. For and , where and are positive integers and
is the pulse duration in the atomic rest frame, the atom-field interaction
results in the creation of atom amplitude and phase gratings having period . In this manner, one can use optical fields having
wavelength to produce atom gratings having periodicity much less
than .Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure
Planck's scale dissipative effects in atom interferometry
Atom interferometers can be used to study phenomena leading to
irreversibility and dissipation, induced by the dynamics of fundamental objects
(strings and branes) at a large mass scale. Using an effective, but physically
consistent description in terms of a master equation of Lindblad form, the
modifications of the interferometric pattern induced by the new phenomena are
analyzed in detail. We find that present experimental devices can in principle
provide stringent bounds on the new effects.Comment: 12 pages, plain-Te
Coherent matter wave inertial sensors for precision measurements in space
We analyze the advantages of using ultra-cold coherent sources of atoms for
matter-wave interferometry in space. We present a proof-of-principle experiment
that is based on an analysis of the results previously published in [Richard et
al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 010405 (2003)] from which we extract the ratio h/m
for 87Rb. This measurement shows that a limitation in accuracy arises due to
atomic interactions within the Bose-Einstein condensate