Development of organic matter in soils of natural phytocoenoses and agrocoenoses

The brown mountain carbonate soils covering the “yadiere” (hills) in the Gissarska valley of Tadzhikistan have relatively high humus portions. The humus content in the upper layers of sedentary soils was found to range from 2.70 to 3.18 per cent. However, in eroded soils the humus content declines from 1.35-0.83 per cent to levels as low as 0.57-0.75 per cent. The decrease of humus substances in erodible soils is mainly dependent on their slope exposure. Soils on sites sloping to north revealed the highest humus content whilst soils on east and west slopes and, in particular, on south slopes were found to have the lowest humus content. Sprinkler irrigation applied to soils on sloping sites, following grass seeding, was found to result in swift growth and in the evolution of a natural flora what, in turn, induced intensive humus build-up. The humus content of the covering layer increased by 0.98 per cent, that in eroded soils markedly less. The increased humus content primarily leads to humic acid enrichment, this effect causing a wider SGK:SFK ratio. Following grass seeding on these soils a marked increase in the content of dissolved and R2O3-bound humic acids can be observed

Dendrological analysis of the parks of Dushanbe

An analysis of tree varieties growing in the parks of Dushanbe (Tajikistan) is represented in this publication. The plants being found in the territories investigated are listed. Recommendations are given to improve the parks of the town

Whole-Day Schools - Management and Education

Ganztagsschulen haben durch ihr Mehr an Zeit einen größeren Spielraum, die Schulgestaltung an den Bedürfnissen der Beteiligten zu orientieren. In einer Auseinandersetzung mit anderen Perspektiven kann es gelingen, die Ausrichtung der eigenen Schule zu diskutieren, zu festigen und zu schärfen. Pädagogische Fortbildungsveranstaltungen bieten dazu eine Möglichkeit. Der zweite bayerische Ganztagsschulkongress Ganztagsschule gestalten – ganztags Unterricht organisieren am 3. und 4. März 2010 in Forchheim bot den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern anhand vielfältiger Vorträge und Workshops ein Forum zur Diskussion mit Perspektiven aus Wissenschaft, Schulpraxis und Bildungspolitik. Die Dokumentation der Veranstaltung liegt hiermit vor.All-day schools stand out against other types of schools due to the extended availability of time and therewith a wider range of possibilities to adjust the orientation of the school to the needs of the persons involved. Schools can evolve and strengthen their orientation by a discursive examination and discussion of different approaches. A good opportunity for advancing this discussion are events in pedagogical further education. During the second Bavarian all-day school congress "Modelling All-Day School - Organizing All-Day Tuition", held on the 3rd and 4th of March 2010 in Forchheim/Germany, participants had the opportunity to attend numerous workshops and presentations as well as a panel discussion featuring experts from the fields of educational science, educational policy and teaching. The documentation of the congress is now available

AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF BUILDING MODELS WITH LEVELS OF DETAIL 1-3

We present a workflow for the automatic generation of building models with levels of detail (LOD) 1 to 3 according to the CityGML standard (Gröger et al., 2012). We start with orienting unsorted image sets employing (Mayer et al., 2012), we compute depth maps using semi-global matching (SGM) (Hirschmüller, 2008), and fuse these depth maps to reconstruct dense 3D point clouds (Kuhn et al., 2014). Based on planes segmented from these point clouds, we have developed a stochastic method for roof model selection (Nguatem et al., 2013) and window model selection (Nguatem et al., 2014). We demonstrate our workflow up to the export into CityGML

Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda

Phases of the phenological of Wistaria floribunda (Willd.) DC are shown to disclose the perspective dates of the vegetation embracing the phases of flowering (March-April), of ripening of the fruits (October) and of having complete foliage (April-October). The first course of development or ontogeny, the germination, covers a period of 10 – 12 days; the growing phase embraces a period 2 – 3 years and development to maturity from 3 to 5 or 6 years, before the generative phase begins. A huge quantity of seeds is required in the fields in comparison to the cultivation in botanical gardens, where only 50 – 70 % of this demand is needed

Spread of Tuberculosis in Cattle Stocks in Various Areas of Tajikistan

The publication shows that cattle stocks have severely suffered from tuberculosis in the investigated periods (1943 - 1994) in the Republic of Tadzhikistan. The main causes for this situation can be seen in the insufficient implementation of – veterinary measures, – diagnostical control of stocks and – long term control of suffering stocks. Insufficient desinfection of sheds as well as poor qualification of veterinary staff and bad feeding conditions have also contributed to this situation. The implementation of these measures will contribute to diminishing and, in the future, to complete controlling tuberculosis of the cattle stocks in the Republic of Tadzhikistan: carefully investigating the cattle stocks with regard to suffering from tuberculosis, strictly obeying prescriptions and recommendations and systematic and planful work of all staff responsible

Degree of Adaption of Lianas (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and Campsis radicans (L.)) to the Environmental Conditions of Towns

Results of anatomic investigations are discussed, being carried out at leaves of lianas (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and Campsis radicans (L.)), growing under environmental conditions of towns. It could be found from the result, that xerographic phenomenons are reflecting the environmental conditions in towns. The effects of environmental pollution can be found at necrotic cells in the mesophyll of leaves. Demages of the leaves could be found by only visual investigations of the leaves

Roof Reconstruction from Point Clouds using Importance Sampling

We propose a novel fully automatic technique for roof fitting in 3D point clouds based on sequential importance sampling (SIS). Our approach makes no assumption of the nature (sparse, dense) or origin (LIDAR, image matching) of the point clouds and further distinguishes, automatically, between different basic roof types based on model selection. The algorithm comprises an inherent data parallelism, the lack of which has been a major drawback of most Monte Carlo schemes. A further speedup is achieved by applying a coarse to fine search within all probable roof configurations in the sample space of roofs. The robustness and effectiveness of our roof reconstruction algorithm is illustrated for point clouds of varying nature

Localization of Windows and Doors in 3d Point Clouds of Facades

In this paper, we present a fully automatic approach to localize the outlines of facade objects (windows and doors) in 3D point clouds of facades. We introduce an approach to search for the main facade wall and locate the facade objects within a probabilistic framework. Our search routine is based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MC-Simulation). Templates containing control points of curves are used to approximate the possible shapes of windows and doors. These are interpolated using parametric B-spline curves. These templates are scored in a sliding window style over the entire facade using a likelihood function in a probabilistic matching procedure. This produces many competing results for which a two layered model selection based on Bayes factor is applied. A major thrust in our work is the introduction of a 2D shape-space of similar shapes under affine transform in this architectural scene. This transforms the initial parametric B-splines curves representing the outlines of objects to curves of affine similarity in a strongly reduced dimensionality thus facilitating the generation of competing hypotheses within the search space. A further computational speedup is achieved through the clustering of the search space to disjoint regions, thus enabling a parallel implementation. We obtain state-of-the results on self-acquired data sets. The robustness of our algorithm is evaluated on 3D point clouds from image matching and LiDAR data of diverse quality

FINDING CUBOID-BASED BUILDING MODELS IN POINT CLOUDS

In this paper, we present an automatic approach for the derivation of 3D building models of level-of-detail 1 (LOD 1) from point clouds obtained from (dense) image matching or, for comparison only, from LIDAR. Our approach makes use of the predominance of vertical structures and orthogonal intersections in architectural scenes. After robustly determining the scene's vertical direction based on the 3D points we use it as constraint for a RANSAC-based search for vertical planes in the point cloud. The planes are further analyzed to segment reliable outlines for rectangular surface within these planes, which are connected to construct cuboid-based building models. We demonstrate that our approach is robust and effective over a range of real-world input data sets with varying point density, amount of noise, and outliers