4,775 research outputs found
Casimir effect across a layered medium
Using nonstandard recursion relations for Fresnel coefficients involving
successive stacks of layers, we extend the Lifshitz formula to configurations
with an inhomogeneous, n-layered, medium separating two planar objects. The
force on each object is the sum of a Lifshitz like force and a force arising
from the inhomogeneity of the medium. The theory correctly reproduces very
recently obtained results for the Casimir force/energy in some simple systems
of this kind. As a by product, we obtain a formula for the force on an
(unspecified) stack of layers between two planar objects which generalizes our
previous result for the force on a slab in a planar cavity.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at QFEXT1
Dyadic Green's Functions and Guided Surface Waves for a Surface Conductivity Model of Graphene
An exact solution is obtained for the electromagnetic field due to an
electric current in the presence of a surface conductivity model of graphene.
The graphene is represented by an infinitesimally-thin, local and isotropic
two-sided conductivity surface. The field is obtained in terms of dyadic
Green's functions represented as Sommerfeld integrals. The solution of
plane-wave reflection and transmission is presented, and surface wave
propagation along graphene is studied via the poles of the Sommerfeld
integrals. For isolated graphene characterized by complex surface conductivity,
a proper transverse-electric (TE) surface wave exists if and only if the
imaginary part of conductivity is positive (associated with interband
conductivity), and a proper transverse-magnetic (TM) surface wave exists when
the imaginary part of conductivity is negative (associated with intraband
conductivity). By tuning the chemical potential at infrared frequencies, the
sign of the imaginary part of conductivity can be varied, allowing for some
control over surface wave properties.Comment: 9 figure
Recursion relations for generalized Fresnel coefficients: Casimir force in a planar cavity
We emphasize and demonstrate that, besides using the usual recursion
relations involving successive layers, generalized Fresnel coefficients of a
multilayer can equivalently be calculated using the recursion relations
involving stacks of layers, as introduced some time ago [M. S. Tomas, Phys.
Rev. A 51, 2545 (1995)]. Moreover, since the definition of the generalized
Fresnel coefficients employed does not imply properties of the stacks, these
nonstandard recursion relations can be used to calculate Fresnel coefficients
not only for local systems but also for a general multilayer consisting of
various types (local, nonlocal, inhomogeneous etc.) of layers. Their utility is
illustrated by deriving a few simple algorithms for calculating the
reflectivity of a Bragg mirror and extending the formula for the Casimir force
in a planar cavity to arbitrary media.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, slightly expande
Transition from collisionless to collisional MRI
Recent calculations by Quataert et al. (2002) found that the growth rates of
the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a collisionless plasma can differ
significantly from those calculated using MHD. This can be important in hot
accretion flows around compact objects. In this paper we study the transition
from the collisionless kinetic regime to the collisional MHD regime, mapping
out the dependence of the MRI growth rate on collisionality. A kinetic closure
scheme for a magnetized plasma is used that includes the effect of collisions
via a BGK operator. The transition to MHD occurs as the mean free path becomes
short compared to the parallel wavelength 2\pi/k_{\Par}. In the weak magnetic
field regime where the Alfv\'en and MRI frequencies are small compared
to the sound wave frequency k_{\Par} c_0, the dynamics are still effectively
collisionless even if , so long as the collision frequency \nu
\ll k_{\Par} c_{0}; for an accretion flow this requires \nu \lsim \Omega
\sqrt{\beta}. The low collisionality regime not only modifies the MRI growth
rate, but also introduces collisionless Landau or Barnes damping of long
wavelength modes, which may be important for the nonlinear saturation of the
MRI.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ with a clearer derivation of
anisotropic pressure closure from drift kinetic equatio
Implementation of a Large System-Wide Hepatitis C Virus Screening and Linkage to Care Program for Baby Boomers.
BackgroundWe implemented and evaluated a large health system-wide hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and linkage to care program for persons born between 1945 and 1965 ("baby boomers").MethodsAn electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support (CDS) tool for HCV screening for baby boomers was introduced in August 2015 for patients seen in the outpatient University of California, Los Angeles healthcare system setting. An HCV care coordinator was introduced in January 2016 to facilitate linkage to HCV care. We compared HCV testing in the year prior (August 2014-July 2015) to the year after (August 2015-July 2016) implementation of the CDS tool. Among patients with reactive HCV antibody testing, we compared outcomes related to the care cascade including HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) testing, HCV RNA positivity, and linkage to HCV specialty care.ResultsDuring the study period, 19606 participants were screened for HCV antibody. Hepatitis C virus antibody screening increased 145% (from 5676 patients tested to 13930 tested) after introduction of the CDS intervention. Screening increased across all demographic groups including age, sex, and race/ethnicity, with the greatest increases among those in the older age groups. The addition of an HCV care coordinator increased follow-up HCV RNA testing for HCV antibody positive patients from 83% to 95%. Ninety-four percent of HCV RNA positive patients were linked to care postimplementation.ConclusionsIntroduction of an EHR CDS tool and care coordination markedly increased the number of baby boomers screened for HCV, rates of follow-up HCV RNA testing, and linkage to specialty HCV care for patients with chronic HCV infection
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