Analysis of System and Service Management Improvement for Mental Health at Mental Hospitals: A Systematic Review

Background: Mental disorders are one of the health problems in the world where ± 300 million people experience mental disorders, and the quality of care for men­­­tal health has not increased, its caused poor treatment results. Poor quality mental health services can lead to negative therapeutic outcomes. However, poor quality of care can be sub­s­tan­tially redressed through concerted and systematic quality improvement strategies. This study aimed to review systematically the system and service management impro­ve­ment for mental health at mental hospitals. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching following da­­­­ta­bases included Annual Reviewer, J-Store, Scientdirect, Scopus, Google Scholar and Online Library. The keywords were “mental health patient” AND “system improvement” AND “manage­ment health services” AND “hospital”. The inclusion criteria were Eng­lish and open access. After review process, 16 articles were included in this review. Results: From the 16 literature studies consisting of 5 references mentioning case management, multidisciplinary teams and facilities, 5 references regarding licensing and standardization, 3 references regarding certification and accreditation. Then 3 other references stated that the improvement of education and training of the health profession, organizational factors and hospital management leadership had a positive impact in improving service management hospitals especially in mental hospitals Conclusion: System improvement and management of mental health services re­duced the num­ber of patients with chronic mental disorder in hospitals and in­cre­ase patient satisfaction. Keywords: system improvement, management, mental health, service, patient sa­tis­fac­tio

Non-conservative behavior of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) within a subterranean estuary

The role of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in releasing fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) to the coastal ocean and the possibility of using FDOM as a proxy for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in a subterranean estuary in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (Turkey Point, Florida). FDOM was continuously monitored for three weeks in shallow beach groundwater and in the adjacent coastal ocean. Radon (222Rn) was used as a natural groundwater tracer. FDOM and DOC correlated in groundwater and seawater samples, implying that FDOM may be a proxy of DOC in waters influenced by SGD. A mixing model using salinity as a seawater tracer revealed FDOM production in the high salinity region of the subterranean estuary. This production was probably a result of infiltration and transformation of labile marine organic matter in the beach sediments. The non-conservative FDOM behavior in this subterranean estuary differs from most surface estuaries where FDOM typically behaves conservatively. At the study site, fresh and saline SGD delivered about 1800 mg d−1 of FDOM (quinine equivalents) to the coastal ocean per meter of shoreline. About 11% of this input was related to fresh SGD, while 89% were related to saline SGD resulting from FDOM production within the shallow aquifer. If these fluxes are representative of the Florida Gulf Coast, SGD-derived FDOM fluxes would be equivalent to at least 18% of the potential regional riverine FDOM inputs. To reduce uncertainties related to the scarcity of FDOM data, further investigations of river and groundwater FDOM inputs in Florida and elsewhere are necessary

An optical booster for internet routers

Abstract. Although optical technologies have been effectively employed to increase the capacity of communication links, it has proven difficult to apply these technologies towards increasing the capacity of Internet routers, which implement the central forwarding and routing functions of the Internet. Motivated by the need for future routers that will forward packets among several high-speed links, this work considers the design of an Internet router that can forward packets from a terabit-per-second link without internal congestion or packet loss. The router consists of an optical booster integrated with a conventional (mostly electronic) Internet router. The optical booster processes Internet Protocol packets analogously to the hosting router, but it can avoid the time-consuming lookup function and keep packets in an entirely optical format. An optically boosted router is an inexpensive, straightforward upgrade that can be deployed readily in a backbone IP network, and provides optical processing throughput even when not deployed ubiquitously.

Uranium and barium cycling in a salt wedge subterranean estuary: the influence of tidal pumping

The contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to oceanic metal budgets is only beginning to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that biogeochemical processes in a northern Florida subterranean estuary (STE) significantly alter U and Ba concentrations entering the coastal ocean via SGD. Tidal pumping controlled the distribution of dissolved metals in shallow beach groundwater. Hourly observations of intertidal groundwaters revealed high U and low Ba concentrations at high tide as a result of seawater infiltration into the coastal aquifer. During ebb tide, U decreased and Ba increased due to freshwater dilution and, more importantly, biogeochemical reactions that removed U and added Ba to solution. U removal was apparently a result of precipitation following the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). A significant correlation between Ba and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in shallow beach groundwaters implied a common source, likely the mineralization of marine particulate organic matter driven into the beach face by tidal pumping. In deeper groundwaters, where the labile organic matter had been depleted, Ba correlated with Mn. We estimate that net SGD fluxes were − 163 and + 1660 μmol m− 1 d− 1 for U and Ba, respectively (or − 1 and + 8 μmol m− 2 d− 1 if a 200-m wide seepage area is considered). Our results support the emerging concept that subterranean estuaries are natural biogeochemical reactors where metal concentrations are altered relative to conservative mixing between terrestrial and marine endmembers. These deviations from conservative mixing significantly influence SGD-derived trace metal fluxes