Brief report: Parent perceptions of hypoglycemic symptoms of youth with diabetes; disease disclosure minimizes risk of negative evaluations

Objective: Based on a theoretical model, this study explored the effects that the disclosure of diabetes has on parental perceptions of a hypothetical child experiencing hypoglycemia. Methods: Parents (N = 610) first read vignettes that varied in a 2 x 2 design (Male vs. Female Character x Preventative Disclosure of Illness vs. Nondisclosure) and then answered several questions regarding the hypothetical child, resulting in four subscales that were validated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Disclosure of diabetes significantly increased perceptions of a medical problem, decreased suspicions of drug use, and presented a lower risk of parental restrictions on future contact with their child. Conclusions: Individuals who disclose their diabetes may prevent negative social consequences and restrictions on social contact. Those who choose not to disclose may risk having a hypoglycemic event perceived as a drug or alcohol problem, which may ultimately interfere with appropriate medical intervention in a hypoglycemic event

The association between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders and suicidality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to increased risk of common mental disorders. This umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aimed to identify the key ACEs that are consistently associated with increased risk of mental disorders and suicidality. We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association between ACEs and common mental disorders or suicidality published from January 1, 2009 until July 11, 2019. The methodological quality of included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 checklist. The efect sizes reported in each meta-analysis were combined using a random-efects model. Meta-regressions were conducted to investigate whether associations vary by gender or age of exposure to ACEs. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019146431). We included 68 reviews with moderate (55%), low (28%) or critically low (17%) methodological quality. The median number of included studies in these reviews was 14 (2–277). Across identifed reviews, 24 ACEs were associated with increased risk of common mental disorders or suicidality. ACEs were associated with a two-fold higher odds of anxiety disorders (pooled odds ratios (ORs): 1.94; 95% CI 1.82, 2.22), internalizing disorders (OR 1.76; 1.59, 1.87), depression (OR 2.01; 1.86, 2.32) and suicidality (OR 2.33; 2.11, 2.56). These associations did not signifcantly (P>0.05) vary by gender or the age of exposure. ACEs are consistently associated with increased risk of common mental disorders and suicidality. Well-designed cohort studies to track the impact of ACEs, and trials of interventions to prevent them or reduce their impact should be global research priorities.Berhe W. Sahle, Nicola J. Reavley, Wenjing Li, Amy J. Morgan, Marie Bee Hui Yap, Andrea Reupert, Anthony F. Jor