Data Descriptor: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era

Reproducible climate reconstructions of the Common Era (1 CE to present) are key to placing industrial-era warming into the context of natural climatic variability. Here we present a community-sourced database of temperature-sensitive proxy records from the PAGES2k initiative. The database gathers 692 records from 648 locations, including all continental regions and major ocean basins. The records are from trees, ice, sediment, corals, speleothems, documentary evidence, and other archives. They range in length from 50 to 2000 years, with a median of 547 years, while temporal resolution ranges from biweekly to centennial. Nearly half of the proxy time series are significantly correlated with HadCRUT4.2 surface temperature over the period 1850-2014. Global temperature composites show a remarkable degree of coherence between high-and low-resolution archives, with broadly similar patterns across archive types, terrestrial versus marine locations, and screening criteria. The database is suited to investigations of global and regional temperature variability over the Common Era, and is shared in the Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format, including serializations in Matlab, R and Python.(TABLE)Since the pioneering work of D'Arrigo and Jacoby1-3, as well as Mann et al. 4,5, temperature reconstructions of the Common Era have become a key component of climate assessments6-9. Such reconstructions depend strongly on the composition of the underlying network of climate proxies10, and it is therefore critical for the climate community to have access to a community-vetted, quality-controlled database of temperature-sensitive records stored in a self-describing format. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) 2k consortium, a self-organized, international group of experts, recently assembled such a database, and used it to reconstruct surface temperature over continental-scale regions11 (hereafter, ` PAGES2k-2013').This data descriptor presents version 2.0.0 of the PAGES2k proxy temperature database (Data Citation 1). It augments the PAGES2k-2013 collection of terrestrial records with marine records assembled by the Ocean2k working group at centennial12 and annual13 time scales. In addition to these previously published data compilations, this version includes substantially more records, extensive new metadata, and validation. Furthermore, the selection criteria for records included in this version are applied more uniformly and transparently across regions, resulting in a more cohesive data product.This data descriptor describes the contents of the database, the criteria for inclusion, and quantifies the relation of each record with instrumental temperature. In addition, the paleotemperature time series are summarized as composites to highlight the most salient decadal-to centennial-scale behaviour of the dataset and check mutual consistency between paleoclimate archives. We provide extensive Matlab code to probe the database-processing, filtering and aggregating it in various ways to investigate temperature variability over the Common Era. The unique approach to data stewardship and code-sharing employed here is designed to enable an unprecedented scale of investigation of the temperature history of the Common Era, by the scientific community and citizen-scientists alike

Sugioka's osteotomy for femoral-head necrosis in young Caucasians.

Contains fulltext : 48153.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)The transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy described by Sugioka is used to preserve the femoral head and to prevent secondary osteoarthritis in young patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Several Japanese studies have shown favourable results, but European and American studies were disappointing. An explanation for these outcomes may be that the original protocol was not followed exactly. The objective of our study was to investigate this trans-trochanteric rotational osteotomy in Caucasian patients with osteonecrosis in which we followed the original method of Sugioka as closely as possible, including a 6-month period of non-weight bearing. We included 26 hips in 22 consecutive patients who were followed up for 8.7 (range 6.6-10) years. At review, 17 hips had been converted to total hip arthroplasty. The clinical survival rate was 56% after 7 years (95% CI 36-76%). The radiological survival rate was 54% after one year (95% CI 35-73%). Even after excluding the failures due to problems with osteosynthesis and infection, the results were not satisfactory and the osteoarthritic process was not delayed. Based on our results, we cannot recommend this technique as an alternative for total hip arthroplasty in Caucasians