1968

Maintenance of Golf Carts by Thomas Pepe (page 1) Why a Golf Course Superintendent Should Play Golf by Stephen Skowronski (2) Tree Pruning by Martin Walsh (3) Golf Course Labor: A Dilemma by Robert Barber (5) Turf Problems by Alexander M. Radko (A-1) 1967 Turfgrass Problems by Lee Record (A-3) Southern Turfgrass Production and Problems by Ralph W. White Jr. (A-5) Canadian Turf Grass Production and Problems by David Moote (A-8) Turf Research Abroad by C.R. Skogley (A-13) Turf Research at Home by Victor B. Younger (A-14) Turfgrass Research - An Industrial Approach by J. A. Simmons (A-16) Cutting Labor Costs in Turfgrass Managemnt by Tom Mascaro (A-24) The Reluctant human by John W. Denison (A-28) The Problem Drinker - Management Responsibility by G.E. Osburn (A-31) Contemporary Design Standards by Geoffrey S. Cornish (A-34) Construction - Superintendents\u27 Viewpoint by Robert E. Grant (A-36) Construction b Contract and the Role of the Superintendent by David Canavan (A-39) Seed Production by Robert J. Peterson (A-41) Cemetery Turf Maintenance on a High and Low Budget by Stanley Sosenski (A-45) Ten Steps to a Good Lawn by John Zak (A-49) Review of Herbicides for Turf Weed Control by Alvin A. Baber (A-53

Meat and Nicotinamide:A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics

Hunting for meat was a critical step in all animal and human evolution. A key brain-trophic element in meat is vitamin B 3 /nicotinamide. The supply of meat and nicotinamide steadily increased from the Cambrian origin of animal predators ratcheting ever larger brains. This culminated in the 3-million-year evolution of Homo sapiens and our overall demographic success. We view human evolution, recent history, and agricultural and demographic transitions in the light of meat and nicotinamide intake. A biochemical and immunological switch is highlighted that affects fertility in the ‘de novo’ tryptophan-to-kynurenine-nicotinamide ‘immune tolerance’ pathway. Longevity relates to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumer pathways. High meat intake correlates with moderate fertility, high intelligence, good health, and longevity with consequent population stability, whereas low meat/high cereal intake (short of starvation) correlates with high fertility, disease, and population booms and busts. Too high a meat intake and fertility falls below replacement levels. Reducing variances in meat consumption might help stabilise population growth and improve human capital

Development of a capstone course to improve student confidence and pharmacotherapy knowledge prior to advanced pharmacy practice experiences

Objective: To describe a capstone course designed to improve student confidence with clinical skills, improve confidence with providing medication therapy, and evaluate student knowledge. Design: A 2-week capstone course was incorporated into the third-year pharmacotherapy course in a Doctor of Pharmacy program. Students evaluated complex patient cases and developed pharmacotherapy care plans. Pre- and post-capstone course survey results were used to assess change in student confidence using clinical skills and providing medication therapy, and quiz and exam results were used to assess student knowledge. Results: Student confidence significantly improved from baseline for clinical skills (p \u3c 0.02 across all clinical skills domains) and providing medication therapy (p \u3c 0.01 across all disease states). Students reported the largest improvement in confidence for the clinical skill of creating a Subjective/Objective/Assessment/Plan (SOAP) note on a patient with multiple disease states (p \u3c 0.001). Students reported the highest confidence increase for acute kidney injury (p \u3c 0.001). The average written exam score was 87.2% (standard deviation ± 8.0) and the average verbal exam score was 79.1% (standard deviation ± 15.7). Conclusion: A 2-week capstone course can be valuable to improve confidence and assess student knowledge prior to advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs)