“They’re not going to Stop us from Trusting our Faith”: School Experiences of Arab American Muslim Women

Abstract Muslim Arab women in the United States experience anti-Muslim and anti-Arab racism resulting in discomfort in the educational setting; they navigate a world in which they are perceived as terrorists due to images in the media. Furthermore, discriminatory experiences at school impact the adolescent identity and racial and ethnic identity development of Arab Muslim youth. Although some research attempts to examine the link between adolescent identity and school experiences, limited studies about Arab Muslims are present in the literature and only a few studies explore the discriminatory experiences of Arab Muslims in schools. This study explores the racialized high school experiences of Arab Muslim women in the Chicagoland area as well as the resources they sought, utilized, or found helpful. Fourteen young adult women between the ages of 18 and 23 were interviewed about their retrospective high school experiences. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted, and information was obtained regarding their demographics, school and community experiences, the resources that were available to them, and the resources they recommend for the future. Participants in this study experienced a wide range of tribulations within their schools and communities due to the constantly changing sociopolitical landscape. However, they also demonstrate immense strength and agency in coping with, responding to, and challenging these experiences. Several themes emerged from the data highlighting the agency of these women and how they make choices in their daily lives as they navigate racialized society. The themes fall within four categories: identity, community norms and expectations, anti-Muslim and anti-Arab racism and discrimination, and school experiences and resources. Implications include guidelines for fostering identity development, understanding community norms and expectations within school settings, and recommendations for school resources

Risk factors for hospitalized patients with resistant or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Identifying risk factors predicting acquisition of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa will aid surveillance and diagnostic initiatives and can be crucial in early and appropriate antibiotic therapy. We conducted a systematic review examining risk factors of acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa among hospitalized patients. Methods MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and Cochrane Central were searched between 2000 and 2016 for studies examining independent risk factors associated with acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa, among hospitalized patients. Random effects model meta-analysis was conducted when at least three or more studies were sufficiently similar. Results Of the 54 eligible articles, 28 publications (31studies) examined multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa and 26 publications (29 studies) examined resistant P. aeruginosa. The acquisition of MDR P. aeruginosa, as compared with non-MDR P. aeruginosa, was significantly associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (3 studies: summary adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2) or use of quinolones (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 3.59). Acquisition of MDR or XDR compared with susceptible P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with prior hospital stay (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.90), use of quinolones (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 4.34), or use of carbapenems (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 13.68). The acquisition of MDR P. aeruginosa compared with non-P. aeruginosa was significantly associated with prior use of cephalosporins (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 3.96), quinolones (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.96), carbapenems (6 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.61), and prior hospital stay (4 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.74). The acquisition of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa compared with susceptible P. aeruginosa, was statistically significantly associated with prior use of piperacillin-tazobactam (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 2.64), vancomycin (3 studies: summary adjusted OR 1.76), and carbapenems (7 studies: summary adjusted OR 4.36). Conclusions Prior use of antibiotics and prior hospital or ICU stay was the most significant risk factors for acquisition of resistant P. aeruginosa. These findings provide guidance in identifying patients that may be at an elevated risk for a resistant infection and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control in hospitals