1,141 research outputs found
Measurement of the Kerr Spin Parameter by Observation of a Compact Object's Shadow
A black hole casts a shadow as an optical appearance because of its strong
gravitational field. We study how to determine the spin parameter and the
inclination angle by observing the apparent shape of the shadow, which is
distorted mainly by those two parameters. Defining some observables
characterizing the apparent shape (its radius and distortion parameter), we
find that the spin parameter and inclination angle of a Kerr black hole can be
determined by the observation. This technique is also extended to the case of a
Kerr naked singularity.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures; v2: references added, typos corrected; v3:
accepted for publication in Physical Review
Inflation from Superstring/M-Theory Compactification with Higher Order Corrections II -- Case of Quartic Weyl Terms --
We present a detailed study of inflationary solutions in M-theory with higher
order quantum corrections. We first exhaust all exact and asymptotic solutions
of exponential and power-law expansions in this theory with quartic curvature
corrections, and then perform a linear perturbation analysis around fixed
points for the exact solutions in order to see which solutions are more generic
and give interesting cosmological models. We find an interesting solution in
which the external space expands exponentially and the internal space is static
both in the original and Einstein frames. This may be regarded as moduli
stabilization by higher order corrections. Furthermore, we perform a numerical
calculation around this solution and find numerical solutions which give enough
e-foldings. We also briefly summarize similar solutions in type II
superstrings.Comment: 40 pages, 11 figures, v2: additional explanations, refs. added, to
appear in PR
Expression and purification of functional human glycogen synthase-1:glycogenin-1 complex in insect cells
We report the successful expression and purification of functional human muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) in complex with human glycogenin-1 (GN1). Stoichiometric GYS1:GN1 complex was produced by co-expression of GYS1 and GN1 using a bicistronic pFastBacâ„¢-Dual expression vector, followed by affinity purification and subsequent size-exclusion chromatography. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that GYS1 is phosphorylated at several well-characterised and uncharacterised Ser/Thr residues. Biochemical analysis, including activity ratio (in the absence relative to that in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate) measurement, covalently attached phosphate estimation as well as phosphatase treatment, revealed that recombinant GYS1 is substantially more heavily phosphorylated than would be observed in intact human or rodent muscle tissues. A large quantity of highly-pure stoichiometric GYS1:GN1 complex will be useful to study its structural and biochemical properties in the future, which would reveal mechanistic insights into its functional role in glycogen biosynthesis
Heterotic orbifold models on Lie lattice with discrete torsion
We provide a new class of Z_N x Z_M heterotic orbifolds on non-factorisable
tori, whose boundary conditions are defined by Lie lattices. Generally, point
groups of these orbifolds are generated by Weyl reflections and outer
automorphisms of the lattices. We classify abelian orbifolds with and without
discrete torsion. Then we find that some of these models have smaller Euler
numbers than those of models on factorisable tori T^2 x T^2 x T^2. There is a
possibility that these orbifolds provide smaller generation numbers of N=1
chiral matter fields than factorisable models.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2: a few errors on tables are corrected, typos
corrected, version to appear in JHE
Surface tension in a compressible liquid-drop model: Effects on nuclear density and neutron skin thickness
We examine whether or not the surface tension acts to increase the nucleon
density in the nuclear interior within a compressible liquid-drop model. We
find that it depends on the density dependence of the surface tension, which
may in turn be deduced from the neutron skin thickness of stable nuclei.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Physical Review
Creation of a brane world with Gauss-Bonnet term
We study a creation of a brane world using an instanton solution. We analyze
a brane model with a Gauss-Bonnet term in a bulk spacetime. The curvature of
3-brane is assumed to be closed, flat, or open. We construct instanton
solutions with branes for those models, and calculate the value of the actions
to discuss an initial state of a brane universe.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Domain Wall Dynamics in Brane World and Non-singular Cosmological Models
We study brane cosmology as 4D (4-dimensional) domain wall dynamics in 5D
bulk spacetime. For a generic 5D bulk with 3D maximal symmetry, we derive the
equation of motion of a domain wall and find that it depends on mass function
of the bulk spacetime and the energy-momentum conservation in a domain wall is
affected by a lapse function in the bulk. Especially, for a bulk spacetime with
non-trivial lapse function, energy of matter field on the domain wall goes out
or comes in from the bulk spacetime. Applying our result to the case with SU(2)
gauge bulk field, we obtain a singularity-free universe in brane world
scenario, that is, not only a big bang initial singularity of the brane is
avoided but also a singularity in a 5D bulk does not exist.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PRD. One reference is added. (v2
Emergent spatial correlations in stochastically evolving populations
We study the spatial pattern formation and emerging long range correlations
in a model of three species coevolving in space and time according to
stochastic contact rules. Analytical results for the pair correlation
functions, based on a truncation approximation and supported by computer
simulations, reveal emergent strategies of survival for minority agents based
on selection of patterns. Minority agents exhibit defensive clustering and
cooperative behavior close to phase transitions.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, Adobe PDF forma
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