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http://archive.org/details/determinationofc00gallN

RCRA permit modifications and the functional equivalency demonstration: A case study

Hazardous waste operating permits issued under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) often impose requirements, typically by reference to the original permit application, that specific components and equipment be used. Consequently, changing these items, even for the purpose of routine maintenance, may first require that the owner/operator request a potentially time-consuming and costly permit modification. However, the owner/operator may demonstrate that a modification is not required because the planned changes are functionally equivalent, as defined by RCRA, to the original specifications embodied by the permit. The Controlled-Air Incinerator at Los Alamos National Laboratory is scheduled for maintenance and improvements that involve replacement of components. The incinerator`s carbon adsorption unit/high efficiency particulate air filtration system, in particular, was redesigned to improve reliability and minimize maintenance. A study was performed to determine whether the redesigned unit would qualify as functionally equivalent to the original component. in performing this study, the following steps were taken: (a) the key performance factors were identified; (b) performance data describing the existing unit were obtained; (c) performance of both the existing and redesigned units was simulated; and (d) the performance data were compared to ascertain whether the components could qualify as functionally equivalent

A View of Tropical Cyclones from Above: The Tropical Cyclone Intensity Experiment

Tropical cyclone (TC) outflow and its relationship to TC intensity change and structure were investigated in the Office of Naval Research Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) field program during 2015 using dropsondes deployed from the innovative new High-Definition Sounding System (HDSS) and remotely sensed observations from the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), both on board the NASA WB-57 that flew in the lower stratosphere. Three noteworthy hurricanes were intensively observed with unprecedented horizontal resolution: Joaquin in the Atlantic and Marty and Patricia in the eastern North Pacific. Nearly 800 dropsondes were deployed from the WB-57 flight level of ∼60,000 ft (∼18 km), recording atmospheric conditions from the lower stratosphere to the surface, while HIRAD measured the surface winds in a 50-km-wide swath with a horizontal resolution of 2 km. Dropsonde transects with 4–10-km spacing through the inner cores of Hurricanes Patricia, Joaquin, and Marty depict the large horizontal and vertical gradients in winds and thermodynamic properties. An innovative technique utilizing GPS positions of the HDSS reveals the vortex tilt in detail not possible before. In four TCI flights over Joaquin, systematic measurements of a major hurricane’s outflow layer were made at high spatial resolution for the first time. Dropsondes deployed at 4-km intervals as the WB-57 flew over the center of Hurricane Patricia reveal in unprecedented detail the inner-core structure and upper-tropospheric outflow associated with this historic hurricane. Analyses and numerical modeling studies are in progress to understand and predict the complex factors that influenced Joaquin’s and Patricia’s unusual intensity changes

Numerical Ocean Prediction Models -- Goal for the 1980s

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1980)0612.0.CO;2This paper is based on a seminar presented at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, N.J., on 3 November 1979.Based on the experience of numerical weather prediction during the 1950s and 1960s as a model, a case is presented for the development of an ocean prediction capability during the 1980s. Examples selected from recent research at the Naval Postgraduate School are used to illustrate some aspects of the theoretical background, representation of physical processes, observational support systems, and the justification for a first-generation ocean prediction system.The research described here was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Ocean Science Branch, under contract number NR083-275, N00014-79- WR-90020 and by the Naval Oceanographic Research and Development Activity (Code 320) under contract number N68462-79-WR-90029

First-generation numerical ocean prediction models : goal for the 1980's

This report is based on a talk presented at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ during November 1979.Using the experience of numerical weather prediction during the 1950's and 1960's as a model, a case is presented for development during the 1980's of an ocean prediction capability. Examples selected from recent research at the Naval Postgraduate School are used to illustrate some aspects of the theoretical background, representation of physical processes, observational-support systems and the justification for a first-generation ocean prediction systemPrepared for: Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity Office of Naval Research, Ocean Science and Technologyhttp://archive.org/details/firstgenerationn00elsbN

One-dimensional model preditions of ocean temperature anomalies during Fall 1976

This report is based on research reported at the NORPAX Co-Principal Investigators Meeting held at Lake Arrowhead, Calif., on *»-8 June 1979The hypothesis that upper ocean temperature anomalies that developed over the North Pacific Ocean during the fall-winter of 1976-77 were primarily generated by vertical mixing processes was tested using the Garwood (1977) mixed layer model. A series of points along 175 W and along 38 N were chosen for use in this preliminary study. Atmospheric forcing for the one-dimensional ocean model was derived from the surface heat budget calculations in the Fleet Numerical Weather Central (FNWC) atmospheric prediction model. The suitability of the FNWC heat flux calculations was evaluated through comparison with the upper ocean heat content changes derived from the TRANSPAC analyses. The comparisons showed better agreement along 175 W than along 38 N. A series of ocean thermal structure predictions from 15 September to 31 December 1976 were made using the time series of the atmospheric forcing and the initial profile from the September TRANSPAC analysis. In the central region near 38 N, 165 W the predicted thermal structure agreed very well with the TRANSPAC analysis for December 1976. Near the southern and western ends of the domain, the temperature predictions were systematically lower than the analyzed values between the surface and 200 m.Supported by the Naval Ocean Reseach and Development Activityhttp://archive.org/details/onedimensionalmo00elsbN6846279WR9002

Free Surface Effects on the Near-Inertial Ocean Current Response to a Hurricane

During the passage of hurricane Frederic in 1979, four ocean current meter arrays in water depths of 100- 950 m detected both a barociinic and a depth-independent response in the near-inertial frequency band. Although the oceanic response was predominately barociinic, the hurricane excited a depth-independent component of 5-11 cm S-I. The origin and role of the depth-independent component of velocity is investigated using a linear analytical model and numerical simulations from a 17-level primitive equation model with a free surface. Both models are forced with an idealized wind stress pattern based on the observed storm parameters in hurricane Frederic. In an analytical model, the Green's function (Ko) is convolved with the wind stress curl to predict a sea surface depression of approximately 20 cm from the equilibrium position. The near-inertial velocities are simulated by convolving the slope of the sea surface depression with a second Green's function. The barotropic current velocities rotate inertially with periods shifted above the local inertial period by I %-2% and the maximum amplitude of II cm S-I is displaced to the right of the track at x = 2Rmax (radius of maximum winds). The free surface depression simulated by the primitive-equation model is also about 18-20 cm. The primitive equation model simulations indicate that the vertical mean pressure gradient excites 10-11 cm S-I depthaveraged currents atx = 3Rmax . The net divergence and convergence of the horizontal velocities induces vertical deflections of the sea surface. The spatial pattern of the barotropic amplitudes simulated by the numerical and analytical models differ by less than 2 cm S-I in the region 0 which suggests that the barotropic response to the passage of a moving hurricane is governed by linear processes

West Coast Picket Fence feasibility study during STORM-FEST I field program summary

The West Coast Picket Fence was a series of seven special rawinsonde sites interspersed among the seven regular rawinsonde sites along the west coast. In addition to the improved spatial resolution, rawinsondes were launched every 3 h at all 14 sites to improve time resolution during four Intensive Observing Periods. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of the Picket Fence observations by providing improved upstream boundary conditions for the forecasts of mesoscale weather events in the Midwest during the STORM-Front Experiment Systems Test in February and March 1992. The Picket Fence field experiment observations at each station are summarized during the four Intensive Observing Periods, which included a variety of meteorological systems passing the west coast. West Coast Picket Fence; Upstream Boundary Condition; STORM- FEST.National Science Foundation Atmosphere Sciences Division, Washington D.C.Grant No. ATM-9122497Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited