PRODUCER'S PREFERENCE FOR A COTTON FARMER OWNED RESERVE: AN APPLICATION OF SIMULATION AND STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE

The benefits to a typical High Plains cotton farmer from a cotton farmer owned reserve were estimated using a firm-level, income tax and farm policy simulation model. Eighteen farm programs were simulated including twelve variations of a farmer owned reserve using different entry prices and trigger prices. The after-tax net present value distributions for the different farm programs were compared using stochastic dominance. The results indicate that risk averse cotton producers should prefer the 1977 farm program to either a cotton farmer owned reserve or the farm program proposed by Secretary of Agriculture Block.Crop Production/Industries,

A FURTHER LOOK AT THE EFFECT OF FEDERAL TAX LAWS ON OPTIMAL MACHINERY REPLACEMENT

Self-employment taxes, "effective" marginal tax rates, and discounting schemes which allow for alternative purchase and disposal dates of machinery are incorporated into the traditional optimal replacement interval model. Empirical results indicate that these alterations decrease the optimal replacement intervals by up to three years from those obtained with traditional modeling assumptions. Inclusion of self-employment taxes decreases both the penalty attached to early replacement and the net present value (cost) of tractor ownership.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Reduced dimension modeling of leading edge turbulent interaction noise

A computational aeroacoustics approach is used to model the effects of real airfoil geometry on leading edge turbulent interaction noise for symmetric airfoils at zero angle of attack. For the first time, one-component (transverse), two-component (transverse and streamwise), and three-component (transverse, streamwise, and spanwise) synthesized turbulent disturbances are modeled instead of single frequency transverse gusts, which previous computational studies of leading edge noise have been confined to. The effects of the inclusion of streamwise and spanwise disturbances on the noise are assessed, and it is shown that accurate noise predictions for symmetric airfoils can be made by modeling only the transverse disturbances, which reduces the computational expense of simulations. Additionally, the two-component turbulent synthesis method is used to model the effects of airfoil thickness on the noise for thicknesses ranging from 2% to 12%. By using sufficient airfoil thicknesses to show trends, it is found that airfoil thickness will reduce the noise at high frequency, and that the sound power P will reduce linearly with increasing airfoil thickness

Alien Registration- Clair, George W. (Presque Isle, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/33800/thumbnail.jp

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE 1981 AGRICULTURAL ACT AND THE 1981 TAX ACT ON TEXAS HIGH PLAINS FARMERS

Political Economy,

ENTRY INTO FARMING: THE EFFECTS OF LEASING AND LEVERAGE ON FIRM SURVIVAL

Agribusiness,

Distribution and Elimination of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (TFM) by Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and Non-target, Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)

The pesticide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), has been highly successful in the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Great Lakes. Treatments with TFM involve applying it to streams, where it targets larval sea lamprey which live burrowed in the stream substrate. While the toxic mechanism of TFM has been elucidated, and its effects on sea lamprey described, its effects on non-target fish species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) are not as well understood. The present work demonstrated that rainbow trout show a great capacity to detoxify the lampricide using glucuronidation, when exposed to TFM concentrations typically used in TFM applications, and with no adverse physiological effects. Larval sea lamprey, on the other hand, showed very little ability to detoxify TFM, and experienced pronounced reductions in glycogen concentration in the liver. In contrast to previous suggestions, lake sturgeon were able to biotransform TFM and generate TFM-glucuronide at levels that were similar to those observed in rainbow trout. However, they were exposed to a lower concentration of TFM, which does not rule out possible toxic effects of TFM at higher concentrations. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that rainbow trout readily tolerate TFM at environmentally relevant concentrations, and that lake sturgeon are capable of TFM detoxification. This suggests that the greater sensitivity of lake sturgeon is a result of other factors such as body size, glycogen stores and/or possibly limitations in their capacity to use glucuronidation to detoxify TFM

Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand

Economic growth is one of the objectives of the current government. Fiscal policy, encompassing government expenditure and taxation decisions, can significantly impact on economic growth. This paper proposes a framework which views fiscal policy through three lenses and applies this approach to consider how fiscal policy affects economic growth. The three lenses are: fiscal sustainability, fiscal structure and fiscal stabilisation. The paper reviews international literature pertaining to these three lenses and discusses the extent to which these lenses are incorporated into New Zealand’s current fiscal framework. Contemporary New Zealand fiscal challenges are discussed and, in light of these challenges, the paper concludes with consideration of areas to investigate which may yield improvements to the New Zealand fiscal framework.Fiscal policy, sustainability, stability, structure, taxation, government spending, economic growth