Casimir effect across a layered medium

Using nonstandard recursion relations for Fresnel coefficients involving successive stacks of layers, we extend the Lifshitz formula to configurations with an inhomogeneous, n-layered, medium separating two planar objects. The force on each object is the sum of a Lifshitz like force and a force arising from the inhomogeneity of the medium. The theory correctly reproduces very recently obtained results for the Casimir force/energy in some simple systems of this kind. As a by product, we obtain a formula for the force on an (unspecified) stack of layers between two planar objects which generalizes our previous result for the force on a slab in a planar cavity.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, presented at QFEXT1

Dyadic Green's Functions and Guided Surface Waves for a Surface Conductivity Model of Graphene

An exact solution is obtained for the electromagnetic field due to an electric current in the presence of a surface conductivity model of graphene. The graphene is represented by an infinitesimally-thin, local and isotropic two-sided conductivity surface. The field is obtained in terms of dyadic Green's functions represented as Sommerfeld integrals. The solution of plane-wave reflection and transmission is presented, and surface wave propagation along graphene is studied via the poles of the Sommerfeld integrals. For isolated graphene characterized by complex surface conductivity, a proper transverse-electric (TE) surface wave exists if and only if the imaginary part of conductivity is positive (associated with interband conductivity), and a proper transverse-magnetic (TM) surface wave exists when the imaginary part of conductivity is negative (associated with intraband conductivity). By tuning the chemical potential at infrared frequencies, the sign of the imaginary part of conductivity can be varied, allowing for some control over surface wave properties.Comment: 9 figure

Product Development in the World Auto Industry

macroeconomics, auto industry, management efficiency, productivity

Recursion relations for generalized Fresnel coefficients: Casimir force in a planar cavity

We emphasize and demonstrate that, besides using the usual recursion relations involving successive layers, generalized Fresnel coefficients of a multilayer can equivalently be calculated using the recursion relations involving stacks of layers, as introduced some time ago [M. S. Tomas, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2545 (1995)]. Moreover, since the definition of the generalized Fresnel coefficients employed does not imply properties of the stacks, these nonstandard recursion relations can be used to calculate Fresnel coefficients not only for local systems but also for a general multilayer consisting of various types (local, nonlocal, inhomogeneous etc.) of layers. Their utility is illustrated by deriving a few simple algorithms for calculating the reflectivity of a Bragg mirror and extending the formula for the Casimir force in a planar cavity to arbitrary media.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, slightly expande

Transition from collisionless to collisional MRI

Recent calculations by Quataert et al. (2002) found that the growth rates of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a collisionless plasma can differ significantly from those calculated using MHD. This can be important in hot accretion flows around compact objects. In this paper we study the transition from the collisionless kinetic regime to the collisional MHD regime, mapping out the dependence of the MRI growth rate on collisionality. A kinetic closure scheme for a magnetized plasma is used that includes the effect of collisions via a BGK operator. The transition to MHD occurs as the mean free path becomes short compared to the parallel wavelength 2\pi/k_{\Par}. In the weak magnetic field regime where the Alfv\'en and MRI frequencies $\omega$ are small compared to the sound wave frequency k_{\Par} c_0, the dynamics are still effectively collisionless even if $\omega \ll \nu$, so long as the collision frequency \nu \ll k_{\Par} c_{0}; for an accretion flow this requires \nu \lsim \Omega \sqrt{\beta}. The low collisionality regime not only modifies the MRI growth rate, but also introduces collisionless Landau or Barnes damping of long wavelength modes, which may be important for the nonlinear saturation of the MRI.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ with a clearer derivation of anisotropic pressure closure from drift kinetic equatio

Efficiency of tunable band-gap structures for single-photon emission

The efficiency of recently proposed single-photon emitting sources based on tunable planar band-gap structures is examined. The analysis is based on the study of the total and ``radiative'' decay rates, the expectation value of emitted radiation energy and its collimating cone. It is shown that the scheme operating in the frequency range near the defect resonance of a defect band-gap structure is more efficient than the one operating near the band edge of a perfect band-gap structure.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and a dielectric slab

We present an explicit analytic calculation of the energy-level shift of an atom in front of a non-dispersive and non-dissipative dielectric slab. We work with the fully quantized electromagnetic field, taking retardation into account. We give the shift as a two-dimensional integral and use asymptotic analysis to find expressions for it in various retarded and non-retarded limiting cases. The results can be used to estimate the energy shift of an atom close to layered microstructures.Comment: 10 pages, incl 7 figure