570 research outputs found
Simulations of Spinodal Nucleation in Systems with Elastic Interactions
Systems with long-range interactions quenched into a metastable state near
the pseudospinodal exhibit nucleation that is qualitatively different than the
classical nucleation observed near the coexistence curve. We have observed
nucleation droplets in our Langevin simulations of a two-dimensional model of
martensitic transformations and have determined that the structure of the
nucleating droplet differs from the stable martensite structure. Our results,
together with experimental measurements of the phonon dispersion curve, allow
us to predict the nature of the droplet. These results have implications for
nucleation in many solid-solid transitions and the structure of the final
state
Geometric scaling in the spectrum of an electron captured by a stationary finite dipole
We examine the energy spectrum of a charged particle in the presence of a
{\it non-rotating} finite electric dipole. For {\emph{any}} value of the dipole
moment above a certain critical value p_{\mathrm{c}}$ an infinite series of
bound states arises of which the energy eigenvalues obey an Efimov-like
geometric scaling law with an accumulation point at zero energy. These
properties are largely destroyed in a realistic situation when rotations are
included. Nevertheless, our analysis of the idealised case is of interest
because it may possibly be realised using quantum dots as artificial atoms.Comment: 5 figures; references added, outlook section reduce
Nucleation in Systems with Elastic Forces
Systems with long-range interactions when quenced into a metastable state
near the pseudo-spinodal exhibit nucleation processes that are quite different
from the classical nucleation seen near the coexistence curve. In systems with
long-range elastic forces the description of the nucleation process can be
quite subtle due to the presence of bulk/interface elastic compatibility
constraints. We analyze the nucleation process in a simple 2d model with
elastic forces and show that the nucleation process generates critical droplets
with a different structure than the stable phase. This has implications for
nucleation in many crystal-crystal transitions and the structure of the final
state
Emerging antiretroviral drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: novel affordable technologies are needed to provide resistance testing for individual and public health benefits
In industrialized countries, viral load monitoring and genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance testing (GART) play an important role in the selection of initial and subsequent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens. In contrast, resource constraints in Africa limit access to assays that could detect virologic failure, transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and acquired drug resistance to cART. This has adverse consequences for both individual and public health. Although the further roll-out of antiretrovirals for prevention, including preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and universal test and treat (UTT) strategies, could reduce HIV-1 incidence, these strategies may increase TDR [1,2]. Here, we present arguments that the scale up of antiretrovirals use should be accompanied by cost-effective assays for early detection of virologic failure, surveillance of TDR and GART for individual patient management
EVALUATION OF THE COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLULAR DMLS STRUCTURES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Published Conference ProceedingsThe type of material used in biomedical applications depends on specific implant applications; different types of implant need different mechanical properties. Since the architectures of bone tissues in the human body are not completely dense and solid, it is desirable to produce biomimic structures as a replacement for damaged bone tissues. Learning from nature, it can be understood that cellular structures would be more preferable for biomedical implants than dense solid structures. Verification of mechanical properties of DMLS PA 2200 cellular structures should be conducted since scaffolds from this material have been proven for biomedical applications. Ti6Al4V alloy is well known to have a superior track record as leading material for bone replacement since it is a light-weight and biocompatible material, but the density of human cortical bone is less than half that of solid Ti6Al4V implants. The mismatch of the elastic modulus between such implants and bone tissue is one of the major causes of stress shielding, bone resorption and implant loosening. Finite element analysis showed big differences in strains of jaw bone and an implanted solid Ti6Al4V part. The elastic modulus of lattice structures was used to simulate a complex mandible to obtain foreknowledge of manufacturing advanced light-weight implants with suitable biomechanical properties. Compressive properties of proposed cellular structures were determined to demonstrate the viability of attaining different effective elastic moduli for Ti6Al4V implants
Enhanced activity of demineralised bone matrix augmented with xenogeneic bone morphogenetic protein complex in rats
INTRODUCTION: Demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is an allograft
material widely used as a bone filler and bone graft substitute. DBM contains bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which induce and regulate bone formation during embryogenesis and in postnatal life.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the osteoinductivity
of DBM augmented with xenogeneic BMP-complex at different
doses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rat DBM was augmented with
BMP-complex purified from porcine diaphyseal bone.
RESULTS: Dorsal subcutaneous implantation of 25 mg rat
allogeneic DBM augmented with 0, 3, 6 and 12 mg BMPcomplex
per gram of DBM resulted in dose dependant upregulation
of bone formation on day 21, as scored histologically and biochemically.
CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic DBM can be augmented with xenogeneically
sourced BMP-complex to improve DBM performance in vivo. This work demonstrates the potential of BMP-complex augmented DBM to induce new bone formation with improved parameters of bone formation.http://www.sadanet.co.zaam2013ay201
Correlation between dysplasia and ploidy status in oral leukoplakia
Oral leukoplakia and other potentially malignant
disorders (PMD) may progress to oral squamous cell
carcinoma (OSCC). The gold standard for assessing the
potential for malignant transformation remains histologic
examination with the aim of grading the dysplastic changes.
However, not all lesions with dysplasia will progress
to OSCC. DNA ploidy has been suggested as a method to
predict the clinical behaviour of PMD. This study reports
on the use of high-resolution flow cytometry to determine
the ploidy status of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
material from PMD compared to their dysplasia grade on
histology. Aneuploidy was found in 13 % of mild, 31 % of
moderate, and 54 % of severe dysplasia cases. This difference
was statistically significant (p = 0.011). The differences
in ploidy status were more significant when
grouping the dysplasia into low-risk and high-risk categories
(p = 0.008). These findings indicate that the ploidy
status of PMD as determined by high-resolution flow
cytometry may be of value in predicting biological
behaviour in PMD such as leukoplakia.The National Research Foundation of South Africahttp://link.springer.com/journal/1210
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of UV Oscillations in WZ Sagittae During the Decline from Outburst
We present a time series analysis of Hubble Space Telescope observations of
WZ Sge obtained in 2001 September, October, November and December as WZ Sge
declined from its 2001 July superoutburst. Previous analysis of these data
showed the temperature of the white dwarf decreased from ~29,000 K to ~18,000
K. In this study we binned the spectra over wavelength to yield ultraviolet
light curves at each epoch that were then analyzed for the presence of the
well-known 27.87 s and 28.96 s oscillations. We detect the 29 s periodicity at
all four epochs, but the 28 s periodicity is absent. The origin of these
oscillations has been debated since their discovery in the 1970s and competing
hypotheses are based on either white dwarf non-radial g-mode pulsations or
magnetically-channelled accretion onto a rotating white dwarf. By analogy with
the ZZ Ceti stars, we argue that the non-radial g-mode pulsation model demands
a strong dependence of pulse period on the white dwarf's temperature. However,
these observations show the 29 s oscillation is independent of the white
dwarf's temperature. Thus we reject the white dwarf non-radial g-mode pulsation
hypothesis as the sole origin of the oscillations. It remains unclear if
magnetically-funnelled accretion onto a rapidly rotating white dwarf (or belt
on the white dwarf) is responsible for producing the oscillations. We also
report the detection of a QPO with period ~18 s in the September light curve.
The amplitudes of the 29 s oscillation and the QPO vary erratically on short
timescales and are not correlated with the mean system brightness nor with each
other.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in Ap
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