Some physical properties of soil and yielding of crops grown with different forms of mulching and tillage

Celem badań było określenie wpływu stosowania zróżnicowanej uprawy roli i pożniwnego zagospodarowania słomy na niektóre właściwości fizyczne gleby i plonowanie roślin. Przy umiarkowanym niedoborze opadów, niezależnie od gospodarki słomą, istotnie niższe plony wydawały rośliny uprawiane systemem zerowym. W takich samych warunkach pogodowych, niezależnie od wariantów uprawowych, najniższe plony powodowało usuwanie słomy i nie stosowanie międzyplonu. W warunkach silnego niedoboru opadów poziom plonów był niski i na zmianę tego efektu nie miał znaczącego wpływu żaden z testowanych wariantów doświadczenia.The research aimed at assessing the influence of differentiated tillage and post-harvest straw management on some physical properties of soil and yielding of crop. The yielding of crops was differentiated; under moderate deficit of precipitation, irrespective of straw management, significantly lower yields were obtained of crops grown with zero system. Under similar weather conditions, irrespective of tillage system, the lowest yields were obtained when straw had been removed and no intercrop grown. Under strong deficiency of precipitation the yields were very low, that effect having been not changed significantly by any of the experimental variants tested

Some environmental and production conditions concerning simplified modes of tillage

Celem badań była ocena wpływu sposobów uprawy roli na wybrane właściwości fizyczne gleby w warstwie uprawnej oraz na plonowanie roślin. Uproszczone sposoby uprawy, w warunkach pozostawiania na polu słomy w postaci sieczki, zwiększały gęstość i wilgotność gleby. Uzyskany pozytywny efekt w gospodarce wodnej gleby nie chronił roślin przed negatywnymi skutkami suszy. Plonowanie roślin zależało od sposobu wykonania uprawy i wielkości opadów w sezonie wegetacyjnym. Przy umiarkowanym niedoborze opadów istotnie niższe plony wydawały rośliny uprawiane systemem uproszczonym a zwłaszcza zerowym.The research aimed at assessment of the influence of two different modes of simplified tillage on selected physical properties of soil in its arable layer and on yielding of crops. Different modes of tillage were found to bring about durable changes in the physical state of soil, particularly in the 10-15 cm layer. Post-harvest leaving straw in the field in form of chaff in treatments with zero tillage appeared to have exerted a positive influence on soil moisture, though it did not protect it against negative effects of drought. Yielding of crops depended first of all on the weather conditions /mainly precipitation/, and only then on the mode of tillage. At a moderate deficit of precipitation significantly lower yields were those of crops grown in simplified way, and particularly with zero tillage

Technical and economic issues of offshore pipeline carbon dioxide transportation

The technical and economic conditions of carbon dioxide offshore pipeline transportation are presented in this paper. The basie conditions in which carbon dioxide will be transported, as well as the thermodynamic conditions, physicochemical properties and technical parameters, relevant to CO2 pipeline transport, are addressed in this article. The basie costs of pipeline carbon dioxide transport are also considered. The carbon dioxide flow was simulated for a few pipeline diameter sizes to determine the operating pressure of the pipeline for various maximum mass flow rate values. Different conditions of CO2 flow including impact of ambient conditions were analyzed. There is also included an analysis of technological systems and installation concepts for carbon dioxide preparation for efficient pipeline transportation