Thermodynamic Properties of the SU(2)f_f Chiral Quark-Loop Soliton

We consider a chiral one-loop hedgehog soliton of the bosonized SU(2)$_f$ Nambu & Jona-Lasinio model which is embedded in a hot medium of constituent quarks. Energy and radius of the soliton are determined in self-consistent mean-field approximation. Quasi-classical corrections to the soliton energy are derived by means of the pushing and cranking approaches. The corresponding inertial parameters are evaluated. It is shown that the inertial mass is equivalent to the total internal energy of the soliton. Corrected nucleon and $\Delta$ isobar masses are calculated in dependence on temperature and density of the medium. As a result of the self-consistently determined internal structure of the soliton the scaling between constituent quark mass, soliton mass and radius is noticeably disturbed.Comment: 34 pages, 7 Postscript figures, uses psfig.st

Checklist for the Structural Description of the Deep Phenotype in Disorders of Sexual Development

This paper addresses the question, how the variations of the deep phenotype in disorders of sex development (DSD) are appropriately described. This is a relevant question, because extensive phenotypic variability occurs in gonads and sex ducts. With the advance of video endoscopy and laparoscopy, fresh insight in gonadal and sex duct anatomy is emerging. So far, an attempt to standardize the diagnostic approach and, in particular, how to document these findings has not been published. We propose a standardized examination schedule for these procedures. It consists of 5 pictures of relevant anatomic features. For laparoscopy, it includes two pictures each of gonads and sex ducts on either side and an image of the retrovesical space. For endoscopy, the examination of the ureteric orifices, the posterior urethra, and the urogenital sinus derivates is recommended. Adherence of a standardized schedule and image storing enhances patient autonomy, because they can carry their examination for a second opinion without need for repeated examination. Physicians and scientists create a structured image library that facilitates the comparison of clinical outcomes, research on genotype phenotype associations and may lead to better classifications

Magnetic hysteresis effects in superconducting coplanar microwave resonators

We performed transmission spectroscopy experiments on coplanar half wavelength niobium resonators at a temperature T=4.2 K. We observe not only a strong dependence of the quality factor Q and the resonance frequency f_res on an externally applied magnetic field but also on the magnetic history of our resonators, i.e. on the spatial distribution of trapped Abrikosov vortices in the device. We find these results to be valid for a broad range of frequencies and angles between the resonator plane and the magnetic field direction as well as for resonators with and without antidots near the edges of the center conductor and the ground planes. In a detailed analysis we show, that characteristic features of the experimental data can only be reproduced in calculations, if a highly inhomogeneous rf-current density and a flux density gradient with maxima at the edges of the superconductor is assumed. We furthermore demonstrate, that the hysteretic behaviour of the resonator properties can be used to considerably reduce the vortex induced losses and to fine-tune the resonance frequency by the proper way of cycling to a desired magnetic field