Near-wall liquid film outflow of water-ethanol mixture from cylindrical channel into vacuum

The problem of joint near-wall liquid film ejection with gas flow from a cylindrical channel into vacuum is studied experimentally. A new technique for measuring thickness and velocity of the liquid film inside the channel with the help of capacity-type probes is presented. It is shown that co-current gas flow has strong impact on the near-wall film, leading to intense wave formation, detachment of droplets from the film surface, and formation of dry spots

Demographic Changes, Trade Routes, and the Formation of Anthropogenic Landscapes in the Middle Volga Region in the Past 2500 Years

The development of landscapes of the central part of the Middle-Volga region in the last 2500 years was a discontinuous process of the explosive growth of population and land utilization alternating with stages of depopulation and desolation. The periods of depopulation and transitions of cultures occurred at similar times to climate changes. Some cultures were associated with distinct climatic episodes, such as the association of the Dark Ages Cold Period with Hun, post Hun, Heraldic, and Khasarian times, and the Medival Warm Period with the time of Volga Bulgaria. A combination of archaeological and paleoecological analyses allowed us to reconstruct a sequence of landscape and land use changes in relation to the historical development of the region. The first millennium CE was a time of major changes in population, agricultural technologies, social structure, and settlement patterns in the forest-steppe zone. The Middle Volga region underwent a transition from a non-populated, mainly forested landscape of first centuries CE to a highly deforested agricultural landscape of the Volga Bulgarian state by the 11th century CE. Within several centuries, the landscape was transformed by shifting cultivation, wood and ore extraction, and the formation and expansion of pastures and road networks. The process of deforestation in the region was facilitated by the relatively warm climates of the Medieval Warm Period.411-45

MobileDoor. Wireless control access system

El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar un sistema cliente-servidor basado en la comunicación inalámbrica para controlar el acceso a un área determinado mediante la apertura de la puerta. Este sistema está diseñado para sustituir las herramientas tradicionales como las llaves, tarjetas de acceso, huellas, etc. El sistema va a simplificar la solicitud de acceso ofreciendo una aplicación cliente con un interfaz cómoda para el usuario por lo que el mínimo numero de interacciones va a ser necesario para solicitar el acceso. El mantenimiento inalámbrico va a ser posible desde la misma aplicación siempre que el usuario se haya identificado como administrador. El servidor se va a localizar en una zona cercana a la puerta y va a implementar la lógica principal del sistema aprobando o denegando las solicitudes de apertura. El servidor estará conectado al mecanismo de control de la puerta. En esta memoria se va a revisar diferentes formas de desarrollo del proyecto, sus requisitos, la implementación final, los resultados y el trabajo futuro. Abstract: The aim of this project is to develop a wireless client-server system controlling the access to certain area by manipulation of openness of the door. This system is thought to substitute traditional control attributes like keys, access cards, fingerprints and so forth. This systems will simplify access solicitation by providing an simple user-friendly client’s application interface, so the minimum number of interactions to guarantee the access will be required. Also wireless managing will be possible using the same application with administrator’s credentials. The server will be located in close-todoor area and it will implement main system logic deciding when to approve opening requests and when to deny them. It will be physically connected to door-controlling mechanism. In this memory we will review many approaches to implement above project, cite project requirements, describe selected implementations, analyse the results and define future work

Interphase interaction of near-wall liquid film with co-current gas flow inside a nozzle

The results of experimental study on high-velocity co-current gas flow interaction with near-wall liquid film are presented in the paper. Local parameters of near-wall liquid film are measured with the help of capacity-type probes. It is shown that co-current gas flow has strong influence on near-wall liquid film, leading to intensive wave formation, detachment of droplets from the film surface and their entrainment by the gas flow. A model for the film motion with co-current gas flow, linking together thickness and velocity of the film with value of shearing stress at gas-liquid boundary, is suggested

A study of the archaeozoological collection from the ashna-pando hillfort in the middle sura region

The article presents the results of processing of the archaeozoological collection from the excavations of the Ashna-Pando hillfort (Surskiy district of the Ulyanovsk region), carried out by P.D. Stepanov in 1949. The collection (2,760 bone fragments) belongs to three cultural layers identified at the site: the Fatyanovo-Balanovo culture of the Bronze Age, a specific local cultural group of the Early Iron Age and the Imenkovo culture of the late period of the Migrations era. It is the materials of the Migration period that are of the greatest interest. During that time, Ashna-Pando, in all likelihood, played the role of a local communal center — a place for meetings of the community. The collection of bones from the Imenkovo assemblage seems to reflect periodic joint meals rather than daily consumption. In general, the meat diet of the Imenkovo population, especially for the last period of the occupation of Ashna-Pando, was characterized by the increasing role of hunting for forest fauna, which, in combination with the finds of agricultural tools in Ashna-Pando as well as in other settlements of the Imenkovo in the Sura region, reflects the decisive role of slash-and-burn farming in the economic system

Near-wall liquid film outflow of water-ethanol mixture from cylindrical channel into vacuum

The problem of joint near-wall liquid film ejection with gas flow from a cylindrical channel into vacuum is studied experimentally. A new technique for measuring thickness and velocity of the liquid film inside the channel with the help of capacity-type probes is presented. It is shown that co-current gas flow has strong impact on the near-wall film, leading to intense wave formation, detachment of droplets from the film surface, and formation of dry spots

Near-wall liquid film outflow of water-ethanol mixture from cylindrical channel into vacuum

The problem of joint near-wall liquid film ejection with gas flow from a cylindrical channel into vacuum is studied experimentally. A new technique for measuring thickness and velocity of the liquid film inside the channel with the help of capacity-type probes is presented. It is shown that co-current gas flow has strong impact on the near-wall film, leading to intense wave formation, detachment of droplets from the film surface, and formation of dry spots

Interfacial phenomena in films of monoliquids and binary mixtures in vacuum

The problem of joint gas outflow with near-wall liquid film from an axisymmetric cylindrical channel into vacuum is studied experimentally. It is shown that liquid film at the exit edge of the channel not only disintegrates into droplets, but also emerges on the external surface of the channel and starts moving in the opposite direction to the gravitational force. The phenomenon revealed is strongly dependent on physical properties of liquid and pressure in the surrounding space. Temperature of a film formed on the external surface of the channel is measured. It is shown that due to evaporation in vacuum liquid film is cooled to temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure is close to pressure in vacuum chamber