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Not AvailableVER was studied in female dromedary camels (n=14) concomitant to ultrasound examination at 2 days intervals to evaluate vaginal electrical resistance (VER) as an indicator of follicular activity and pregnancy. VER was recorded using a commercially available resistance probe and scanner was used for ultrasound examination. Females were mated with virile stud camels and the diameter of the follicle at the time of mating recorded. VER and ultrasound examinations were continued till day 30 after mating. Follicles of different diameters were recorded but the follicular growth wave was difficult to define. The growth of follicles in non-mated camels continued with follicles reaching up to 3.72 cm diameter. Ovulations did occur in the mated females even when the size of follicle was 0.8 cm at mating, however, only 50% of the matings resulted into ovulation when the follicle size was <1.0 cm. The use of heat detector for measurement of vaginal electrical resistance in dromedary camel did not give significantly different values, when there was no follicle, follicles with diameter < 0.5 cm, follicle with 0.8 to 0.99 cm, follicle ≥1.0 cm, corpus luteum and pregnant uterus.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present study examined the effect of melatonin implants on follicle growth in dromedary camels two months ahead of their natural breeding season (December to March). Female camels (n Z 6) were treated with melatonin implants at the dose rate of 1 implant per 28 kg body weight sc. Control camels (n Z 6) were administered an SC placebo implant of 8 ml vitamin A. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed at weekly interval upto 7 weeks. Camels were mated with virile stud when a follicle (10 mm) was visible on either of the ovaries. Blood was collected on day 7, 9, 15, 20, 25 and 30 for assay of plasma progesterone and sonography performed at the same time. Small follicles (2-3 mm) appeared around the periphery of ovaries in 83.3% of camels by day 7 and in 100% camels by day 14. By the end of 7th week an ovulatory size follicle (1.0 cm) could be observed in 83.3% of treated camels, and these camels were mated with virile studs. In control group, small follicles appeared at the periphery of ovaries only in 66.6% camels but did not progress in growth except in one camel (16.6%) however, ovulating size (10 mm) follicle was not observed in any camel by the end of 7th week. All treated camels ovulated and one treated camel became pregnant while early embryonic death occurred in one camel. Nonepregnant camels of both groups were mated during the breeding season. All camels of treatment group and 33.33% camels of control group became pregnant by the end of breeding season (April 2010). It was concluded that melatonin implants can augment the follicle growth in lactating camels ahead of the breeding season and pregnancy can occur on mating. Fertility of treated camels during the breeding season is improved.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableShort breeding season is important factor responsible for the low reproductive performance of dromedary camel. In the present experiment effect of twice a day parading of male camels in front of herd of female camel in augmenting the “rut’’ in male camels. Four adult male camels belonging to herd of National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner were used for the present experiment during the month of October. At the end of study it was revealed that behaviour signs of “rut’’ was expressed by all four male camels and the intromission and complete act of copulation could be performed only by two (50%) male camels .Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSix female one-humped camels of Bikaneri breed were mated with virile studs when follicles equal to or larger than 9 mm in diameter could be observed ultrasonographically. Real time B-mode ultrasound was used to detect and monitor the early conceptus, its growth and anatomical features between days 18 and 40 postmating. The embryonic vesicle and embryo proper within the vesicle were first visible on days 18 and 23 postmating, respectively. The heartbeat of the embryo proper could be detected on day 30. The allantois and amnion were first identified on day 40. The optic area was first identified on day 40 postmating. The ultrasonography method can help to identify pregnant or nonpregnant she-camels as early as day 20 of pregnancy, the results being available instantaneously.Not Availabl