Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. (Microsporidia: Tubulinosematidae) from the Beet Webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Western Siberia

Adults of beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis were collected in Western Siberia in 2009 and 2010. A microsporidium was found infecting 12 of 50 moths in 2010. The parasite develops in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm, sporogony is presumably disporoblastic. The spores are ovoid, diplokaryotic, 4.2 × 2.4 μm in size (fresh), without a sporophorous vesicle. Electron microscopy showed: (a) tubules on the surface of sporoblasts and immature spores; (b) slightly anisofilar polar tube with 10–14 coils, last 2–3 coils of lesser electron density; (c) bipartite polaroplast with anterior and posterior parts composed of thin and thick lamellae, respectively; (d) an indentation in the region of the anchoring disc; (e) an additional layer of electron-dense amorphous matter on the exospore surface. The spore ultrastructure is characteristic of the genus Tubulinosema. Sequencing of small subunit and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes showed 98–99.6% similarity of this parasite to the Tubulinosema species available on Genbank. A new species Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. is established

Generalization of multi-level modeling methods for development and analysis of operating conditions of large heat supply systems★

The paper presents a methodology of multi-level modeling of thermal-hydraulic conditions of large heat supply systems on the basis of the scientific area of research – the theory of hydraulic circuits – that has been developed at MESI SB RAS. The essentials of the applied methods and also the mechanism of their integration with the up-to-date information technologies are described. In combination they make it possible to calculate operating conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) of arbitrary size and structure. The applied approach is based on the multi-level arrangement of data and single-and multi-level calculations. The latter, in turn, are based on application of the methods of equvalenting and decomposition of both the calculation schemes and problems. The methods for multi-level adjustment thermal-hydraulic calculations take into consideration all requirements for feasibility of conditions and are realized as the informationcomputing system (ICS) “ANGARA-TS”. The problems to be solved using the ICS and the technology for development of operating conditions are presented. The ICS is applied to sets of real HSS of big towns to develop conditions and adjustment measures. The composition of the solved tasks implemented in the ICS, the technology of development of operating conditions and an example of a multilevel modeling of the thermal-hydraulic conditions of the HSS in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky are presented

Problems of organization of operating conditions of large heat supply systems and their solutions based on multilevel modeling

The paper unveils relevance of applying the methodology of multi-level modeling of thermal-hydraulic conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) and the software which are realized in the informationcomputing system “ANGARA-TS”, which make possible development of operating conditions and adjustment measures in HSS of any structure and complexity including non-standard circuit designs. Application of the multi-level modeling of HSS that is based on integration of mathematical models, methods and information technologies allows one to link the main principle of mathematical modeling that contributes to rational correspondence of the degree of mathematical model detail with the goals of its use, and modeling for different purposes. Information-computing system is implemented in a variety of real HSS of large cities in the organization of regimes and development of adjustment activities. The paper describes the experience of using new methods for development of operating conditions of large HSS in real towns

Generalization of multi-level modeling methods for development and analysis of operating conditions of large heat supply systems

The paper presents a methodology of multi-level modeling of thermal-hydraulic conditions of large heat supply systems on the basis of the scientific area of research – the theory of hydraulic circuits – that has been developed at MESI SB RAS. The essentials of the applied methods and also the mechanism of their integration with the up-to-date information technologies are described. In combination they make it possible to calculate operating conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) of arbitrary size and structure. The applied approach is based on the multi-level arrangement of data and single-and multi-level calculations. The latter, in turn, are based on application of the methods of equvalenting and decomposition of both the calculation schemes and problems. The methods for multi-level adjustment thermal-hydraulic calculations take into consideration all requirements for feasibility of conditions and are realized as the informationcomputing system (ICS) “ANGARA-TS”. The problems to be solved using the ICS and the technology for development of operating conditions are presented. The ICS is applied to sets of real HSS of big towns to develop conditions and adjustment measures. The composition of the solved tasks implemented in the ICS, the technology of development of operating conditions and an example of a multilevel modeling of the thermal-hydraulic conditions of the HSS in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky are presented

Development of methods for modeling dynamic thermo-hydraulic conditions for assessing the quality of functioning of heat supply systems

A simulation dynamic model of thermo-hydraulic conditions of heat supply systems (HSS) is presented. The model makes it possible to analyze in time HSS operating conditions with arbitrary configuration and structure, dissimilar loads of heat consumers, taking into account the transport lag of the coolant, cooling along the length of the pipelines, under different weather conditions, disturbances in the system and a given control scenario in the control nodes. To assess the quality, indicators of the degree of heat supply to consumers are proposed. Formulas are given for determining the total, average and average expected deficit (excess) of heat, as well as heat losses in the network, for a calculated period of time under the given control rules. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the operating conditions by the coefficient of efficient use of energy for the billing period. To take into account the real cost of heat, a mathematical model and a method for calculating nodal prices are presented

Development of operating conditions of district heating systems with quality regulation

District heating systems (DHS) have developed as large-scale and very complex engineering structures. In different countries of the world, are used various strategies of their regulation: by quality, by quantity, by combining of quality and quantity. The purpose of the operating conditions development is to find such conditions under which the supply of consumers with the required amount of heat by given quality while observing all the technical and technological requirements. The task of calculating the DHS conditions is to find the distribution of flows, pressures and temperatures across all elements of the design scheme for a given topology, hydraulic and thermal characteristics of its elements and boundary conditions. There are two types of calculation of DHS conditions: adjustment and verification. In article presented DHS operating regime development technology. The “Angara-HN” software can perform the whole complex of calculations

Efficiency increasing by development of district heating systems operational modes using graphical analysis

The tasks of analyzing, developing and justifying of the district heating systems (DHS) operation modes arise at different stages of their life cycle. The article provides a brief description of the tasks, steps and methods for calculating and analyzing DHS modes, which are implementing as subtasks of the "ANGARA-HN" software. Special attention is paying to the automation of analysis processes. The developed computational and graphical software tools for parameters analyzing of the DHS operating modes consists of the means: analyzing of the initial information, calculating the values of the mode parameters and analyzing results of the calculation. Various tools allow you to visualize the distribution of selected parameters values on the graphical city plan, highlight bottlenecks, building pressure distribution graphs. The developed software designed to automate the workplaces of regimes group engineers at operational enterprises or for designer workers, when developing and justifying development schemes for urban DHS. Tools for analysis and graphical visualization significantly increase the efficiency of work by reducing the time of analysis, development and justification of operating conditions, as well as improve the quality of the results

Technologies for mathematical and computer modeling to automate the process of operational states development for heat supply systems

This article proposes the new technology for development of operational states for HSS of arbitrary structure and dimension. Technology is based on multilevel modeling and a new method for adjustment calculation of thermal hydraulic states. It is implemented in the information and computer complex «ANGARA-HN». Technology includes checking the permissibility of states, calculating the throttling devices on the network and inputs of consumers’ buildings. It allows calculating large systems with intermediate stages of regulation, developing adjustment measures to improve the quality of heat supply and consumer provision, reducing circulation flow rates and pressure in networks. The development of modeling methods is carried out in the following directions: taking into account the new composition of equipment, including mixing pumping stations; development of nontraditional methods of calculation, such as object-oriented modeling; development of tasks of hierarchical optimization and identification of state parameters, as task of rising for model adequacy; development of task for finding of sectioning variants for multi-circuit heat network with several sources. The application of methodological and software developments makes it possible to obtain both an economic and a social effect by identifying and realizing of the energy saving potential, improving the quality and reliability

Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. (Microsporidia: Tubulinosematidae) from the Beet Webworm Loxostege sticticalis L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Western Siberia

Adults of beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis were collected in Western Siberia in 2009 and 2010. A microsporidium was found infecting 12 of 50 moths in 2010. The parasite develops in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm, sporogony is presumably disporoblastic. The spores are ovoid, diplokaryotic, 4.2 × 2.4 μm in size (fresh), without a sporophorous vesicle. Electron microscopy showed: (a) tubules on the surface of sporoblasts and immature spores; (b) slightly anisofilar polar tube with 10–14 coils, last 2–3 coils of lesser electron density; (c) bipartite polaroplast with anterior and posterior parts composed of thin and thick lamellae, respectively; (d) an indentation in the region of the anchoring disc; (e) an additional layer of electron-dense amorphous matter on the exospore surface. The spore ultrastructure is characteristic of the genus Tubulinosema. Sequencing of small subunit and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes showed 98–99.6% similarity of this parasite to the Tubulinosema species available on Genbank. A new species Tubulinosema loxostegi sp. n. is established