Endodontic treatment of dens invaginatus with periapical lesion

Dens invaginatus or dens in dente represent anomaly of the developing tooth due to invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla. Dens invaginatus is usually diagnosed by standard radiological methods (RVG, OPG, and 3DCBCT). Clinical examination may reveal a mottled, dilated or conical shape of the crown. Endodontic treatment of dens invaginatus can be difficult and complex due to the deviated anatomy. This report describes the successful endodontic treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor that had dens invaginatus and a large periapical lesion. Clinical examination in a 30-year-old patient revealed an acute periapical abscess, and a dens invaginatus type II was diagnosed after radiography. Due to the existing anatomy, endodontic treatment of the main canal was performed through two access cavities, which enabled chemo-mechanical treatment and access to all parts of the root canal. The canal of the invaginated tooth was treated through the third access cavity

Analysis of Acoustic Impulse Method for Determining Firmness and other Quality Parameters of \u27Gloster\u27 Apple

A comparative study regarding standard fruit quality measurements (fruit mass, firmness, soluble solids concentration, starch conversion rate and Streif index) and acoustic properties (resonant frequency, peak width, resonant frequency/peak width ratio and stiffness) were conducted in ‘Gloster’ apples during two seasons. The findings obtained indicate no significant differences between seasons in studied quality parameters as well as in acoustic properties. The fruits were characterized with unusual high mass and high variation in resonant frequency and peak width, especially in season-I. In about 50% of examined fruit, the acoustic signal was not typical with one clearly visible peak, and appeared with two or, in few cases, even three peaks that were sometimes of similar height. The fruit mass was negatively correlated with resonant frequency, but correlation coefficient was lower in season-I and less significant than in season-II. Correlation coefficient between fruit mass and peak width was the same in both seasons. Although positive correlation existed between fruit mass and resonant frequency/peak ratio in both seasons, correlation coefficient in season-I was higher and more significant than in season-II. Correlation between fruit mass and stiff ness existed only in season-II. Resonant frequency was positively correlated with peak width only in season-I. Stiff ness was positively correlated with Streif index and peak width only in season-II. Though not significant, higher variations in acoustic properties than standard quality measurements still indicate some usefulness of acoustic impulse method for determination of fruit quality of ‘Gloster’ apple. However, further research is needed to elucidate the significance of individual acoustic parameters and their relation to fruit quality

The influence of barrels of different ages on the organoleptic characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines

Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj barrique bačava različite starosti na kakvoću senzornih karakteristika vina Babić, Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Istraživanje je provedeno u vinariji Galić d.o.o. iz Kutjeva. Grožđa od kojeg je proizvedeno vino potječe iz okolice Šibenika s položaja Jadrtovac. Organoleptička analiza vina provedena je deskriptivnom i metodom 100 bodova. Rezultati metode 100 bodova obrađeni su statistički. Prije same deskriptivne evaluacije uzoraka uz unaprijed postavljene opće deskriptore degustacijom samih uzoraka određeni su specifični deskriptori za svako pojedino sortno vino. Ocjenjivanje je proveo panel ocjenjivača educiran u sklopu projekta „Uncorking rural herirage“. Utvrđene su opravdane razlike u svojstvu mirisa i ukupne ocjene vina sorte Babić pri čemu je bolji rezultat postiglo vino iz nove barrique bačve. Utvrđena je statistički opravdana razlika kod svojstva kakvoće okusa vina sorta Plavac mali i Tribidrag. Bolje je ocjenjena kakvoća okusa vina Plavac mali iz nove bačve dok je kod vina sorte Tribidrag bolja kakvoća kod tretmana iz već korištene bačve.The aim of the research was to determine the influence of barrique barrels of different ages on the quality of sensory characteristics of Babić, Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The research was conducted at the Galić d.o.o. winery from Kutjevo. The grapes used for wine production originate from Jadrtovac, a location in the surroundings of Šibenik. The organoleptic analysis of the wine was carried out using the descriptive and 100-point methods. The results of the 100 points method were processed statistically. Prior to the actual descriptive evaluation of the samples, in addition to the pre-set general descriptors, specific descriptors for each varietal wine were determined by tasting the samples. The evaluation was carried out by a panel of evaluators trained as part of the "Uncorking rural inheritance" project. Significant differences regarding the quality of aroma and the overall evaluation of the Babić wine variety were found, with the wine from the new barrique barrel achieving a better result. A statistically significant difference was found in the taste quality of Plavac mali and Tribidrag wines. The taste quality of the Plavac mali wine from a new barrel was rated as better, while the quality of the Tribidrag wine variety was better when treated from a previously used barrel

Analysis and distributional patterns of the invasive flora in a protected mountain area - a case study of Medvednica Nature Park (Croatia)

In this paper we have analysed invasive flora of Medvednica Nature Park, Croatia with respect to their origins, life forms, systematic positions, types of seed dispersal, Ellenberg indicator values and spatial distributions using MTB 1/64 grid units for analyses. A total of 27 invasive plant species, belonging to 14 families, were recorded with Asteraceae being the most frequently occurring family. Therophytes were the most common life form, as is generally true of Croatian invasive plants; however, hemicryptophytes and geophytes were more frequent in Medvednica. Here, invasive plants originated mainly from both Americas with slightly lower portion in comparison to all Croatian invasive plants, while contrary was the case when comparing those originated from Asia. The most widespread species was Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and the species with the lowest occurrence were Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh.) Rydb and Datura innoxia Mill. A multiple regression model explains 44% of the spatial variability in the invasive plants data per MTB 1/64 unit, using the number of all recorded plant species, the average elevation and the lengths of paths and roads as estimators. The latter two variables also had the most influence on the ordination axes in analyses of the spatial distribution of seed dispersal types present in each MTB 1/64 unit. Anemochory was the most frequent type of seed dispersal

Sexual Dimorphism of the First Permanent Maxillary Molars – Research on the Population of Central Bosnia

Aim of this study was to examine the existence of sexual dimorphism of the first permanent maxillary molars in the population of central Bosnia. The sample for the study comprised 94 subjects with intact crowns of the first permanent maxillary molars, without orthodontic anomalies. Mesiodistal and buccopalatal diameters were measured on the plaster models, based on calculated variables: robustness index or crown area (IRC) and sexual dimorphism (SD). Linear dimensions of the first permanent maxillary molars, as well as the IRC exhibited sexual dimorphism with larger values in males, except MD diameter on the left side. The greatest sexual dimorphism demonstrates IRC from the right. Linear dimensions of the first permanent maxillary molars and IRC can be used for sex determination in population of Central Bosnia

Sex differences in oxidative stress level and antioxidative enzymes expression and activity in obese pre-diabetic elderly rats treated with metformin or liraglutide

Aim To determine the effects of metformin or liraglutide on oxidative stress level and antioxidative enzymes gene ex - pression and activity in the blood and vessels of pre-diabet - ic obese elderly Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes. Methods Male and female SD rats were assigned to the following groups: a) control group (fed with standard ro - dent chow); b) high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet (HSHFD) group fed with HSHFD from 20-65 weeks of age; c) HSHFD+metformin treatment (50 mg/kg/d s.c.); and d) HSHFD+liraglutide treatment (0.3 mg/kg/d s.c). Oxidative stress parameters (ferric reducing ability of plasma and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and superoxide dis - mutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and gene expression were determined from serum, aortas, and surface brain blood vessels (BBV). Results HSHFD increased body weight in both sexes com - pared with the control group, while liraglutide prevented this increase. Blood glucose level did not change. The lira - glutide group had a significantly increased antioxidative ca - pacity compared with the HSHFD group in both sexes. The changes in antioxidative enzymes’ activities in plasma were more pronounced in male groups. The changes in gene ex - pression of antioxidative enzymes were more prominent in microvessels and may be attributed to weight gain preven - tion. Conclusions Obesity and antidiabetic drugs caused sexrelated differences in the level of antioxidative parameters. Liraglutide exhibited stronger antioxidative effects than metformin. These results indicate that weight gain due to HSHFD is crucial for developing oxidative stress and for in - hibiting antioxidative protective mechanism