63 research outputs found
Historic Towns and Their Tourism Development
SAŽETAK
Povijesni gradovi postaju u suvremenom svijetu i meÄunarodnom turizmu ne samo predmetom interesa turistiÄkih struÄnjaka i njihovih teorijskih rasprava, nego srediÅ”ta okupljanja golemih masa turista, a njihova turistiÄka interpretacija znaÄajan izvor prihoda za lokalno stanovniÅ”tvo. TuristiÄki interes za gradovima dogodio se spontano kao rezultat konstantnih promjena u ponaÅ”anju turista diljem svijeta, kao i promjenama u motiviranosti potencijalnih turista za posjetu nekoj turistiÄkoj destinaciji. Kako se postaviti prema takvim promjenama i kako turistiÄki interpretirati povijesno i kulturno nasljeÄe koncentrirano u gradovima, zanimljivo je pitanje ali i tema ovog Älanka.SUMMARY
In the modern world and in international tourism, historic towns have become a subject of intense interest for tourism experts and for their theoretical works. They have also become centres which attract masses of tourists. Therefore, the way these towns are interpreted in tourism may be a significant source of income for the local population. Tourism interest in these towns has been spontaneous, as a result of the constant changes in tourists\u27 behaviour globally, and as a result of changes in the motivation of potential tourists to visit a tourism destination. Ways to handle these changes and how to interpret the historic and cultural heritage in terms of tourism are interesting questions that provide the topic of this paper
New academic tourism journals: a necessity or a failure?
Danas u svijetu izlazi veliki broj struÄnih i znanstvenih Äasopisa, a turistiÄki sadržaji su na ovaj ili onaj naÄin prisutni i u drugim ne-turistiÄkim publikacijama, a naravno i u dnevnom tisku. Mnogi turistiÄki struÄnjaci pitaju se o opravdanosti takvog broja znanstvenih Äasopisa., navodeÄi razliÄite razloge za takva svoja stajaliÅ”ta. Ovaj Älanak nastoji odgovoriti na takva pitanja, bila ona pozitivna ili negativna u odnosu na sudbinu znanstvenog turistiÄkog tiska, s posebnim naglaskom na sluÄaj Hrvatske.In modern world a great number of academic turist journals have been published, and the tourism themes could be found in other non-tourist publications, but in daily newspapers as well. Many scholars and other tourist experts asked themselves about the of so many of them, giving the various explanations for such their opinion. The purpose of this article is to answer these questions, neither they have positive or negative connotation according the destiny of scientific and professional tourist publications, stressing the case of Croatia
Economics of Tourism: Misunderstanding and a Lack of Understanding
Ekonomika turizma poznati je pojam iz
teorije turizma. MeÄutim, znanstvena stajaliÅ”ta
koja su ovaj pojam do sada nastojala definirati u
razliÄitim razdobljima turistiÄke povijesti, vrlo su
razliÄiti, pa i suprotni. U istoÄnoeuropskim
zemljama izraz ekonomika turizma prisutan je od
svrÅ”etka Drugog svjetskog rata. Zapadna turistiÄka
literatura poÄinje ovaj izraz koristiti tek krajem
dvadesetog stoljeÄa pa joÅ” uvijek o njemu nije
zauzela odreÄeno, a pogotovo ne zajedniÄko
stajaliŔte. Osim retrospektive znanstvenih glediŔta
u posljednjih Å”ezdeset godina, Älanak polemizira s
novijim stajaliŔtima objavljenim u knjizi
International Handbook on the Economics of Tourism
(L. Dwyer i P. Forsyth).The economics of tourism is a wellknown
concept in the theory of tourism.
However, scientific positions which have
attempted to define the concept in different
periods have not only differed, but have even been
contradictory. In the countries of East Europe,
the concept of economics of tourism has existed
since the end ofWorldWar II.Western tourism
literature began to use the term only at the end of
the 20th century, but a defined position on this,
let alone a consensus, has still not been found.
This paper presents a retrospective of scientific
views on the economics of tourism over the last
sixty years and polemically discusses the views
published in the International Handbook on the
Economics of Tourism (L.Dwyer and P. Forsyth)
ECONOMIC THEORY AND TOURISM ECONOMICS
TeoretiÄari turizma su gotovo jednoglasno veÄ od samih poÄetka tvrdili da turizam omoguÄuje valorizaciju slobodnih dobara, kao Å”to su ljepota krajolika, klima, zrak itd. te tako u svom izvornom obliku dobivaju ekonomsku vrijednost. Ova je teza vrlo poticajna za ekonomsku teoriju da objasni kako se, na primjer, takvo prirodno dobro, ali i drugi iracionalni faktori, pretvaraju u robu koja se na tržiÅ”tu ekonomski valorizira i reflektira u cijeni. SliÄno po svojoj aktualnosti je i pitanje rente u turizmu, koje je vezano uz uvijek vrlo osjetljivu ekonomsku temu cijene zemljiÅ”ta i pitanje nekretnina povezano s turistiÄkim razvojem. Tu su i pitanja vezana uz teze o rijetkosti roba i neoklasiÄne teze o nužnosti da robe ne smiju biti rijetke žele li biti ekonomski uÄinkovite. Turizam pokazuje neke drugaÄije tendencije. Ekonomika turizma mora nastojati odgovoriti i definirati konaÄna i jedinstvena znanstvena stajaliÅ”ta u tim i svim drugim suvremenim akroekonomskim pitanjima razvoja turizma.Tourism theoreticians have been almost unanimous in their claims that tourism enables a valorisation of free goods (e.g. scenic beauty, climate and air) which causes them to assume economic value in their original state. It is a thesis that stimulates theorizing about ways in which,
for instance, a natural good or any other irrational factor transforms into a good that is valued by the market and assigned a price. The issue
of tourism rent, linked to the ever-sensitive economic topic of land and property prices in the context of tourism development, is yet another topical subject. Next, it is interesting to consider the questions related to rarity of goods and the neoclassical thesis that links economic efficiency to non-rare goods. Tourism, however, displays some different tendencies. Tourism economics must strive to provide finite and coherent scientific perspectives on these and all other contemporary
macroeconomic issues of tourism development
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF HISTORICAL CITIES AS TOURISM DESTINATIONS
Svaki je povijesni grad turistiÄka destinacija par excellence. To proizlazi iz definicija turizma i turista. Kao turistiÄka destinacija, svaki povijesni grad svim turistima ne predstavlja isto. Cilj i svrha turistiÄki usmjerenog razvoja nekog povijesnog grada mora se razlikovati od turistiÄkog razvoja drugih turistiÄkih destinacija. Äesto povijesno bogati gradovi privlaÄe mnoge posjetitelje, ali se oni kratko zadržavaju. Ovo potiÄe neka ekonomska pitanja i dileme o tome kako pomiriti troÅ”ak oÄuvanja i održanja povijesnih spomenika s koristima od potroÅ”nje turista koji dolaze i kratko borave u tim gradovima. Postavlja se i pitanje politike samog turistiÄkog razvoja: Å”to je potrebno dodati turistiÄkoj ponudi kako bi se zadržalo posjetitelje dulje, a bez naruÅ”avanja sklada i ljepote povijesnog grada. Äesto je to pitanje suživota novog i starog na istome mjestu, pitanje etike, tradicije, kulture, arhitekture itd. kao i pitanje ekonomske prirode. Ovaj rad postavlja viÅ”e pitanja nego Å”to daje odgovora, ali takoÄer pokuÅ”ava osvijetliti i problem s teoretske strane.Every single historical city is par excellence a tourism destination. This derives simply from the definition of tourism and of the tourist. As a tourist destination, every historical city does not carry the same meaning to all tourists. The aim and purpose of tourism oriented development of a historical city must be different from tourism development of other tourism destinations. Very often the cities with very rich history attract many visitors, but they do not stay in them long. This situation raises a number of economic questions and dilemmas of how to reconcile the costs of preserving and maintaining the historical monuments with the benefit of tourist consumption made by visitors who come and stay in such cities albeit just for a short time. This is a question of tourism development policy itself: how to expand a tourism offer in order to keep the visitors longer, without damaging the harmony and physical environment of historical cities. Very often it is the matter of old and modern coexisting at the same place, of ethics, tradition, culture, architecture etc., as well as of economic concerns. The paper raises more questions than it will give answers, but it attempts to highlight the problem from the theoretical side
TOURISM ā AN OUTSIDERāS VIEW
Kada sam prije gotovo pedeset godina napisao prvi Älanak o turizmu, mogao sam pisati i govoriti o āpogledu sa straneā. Sve Å”to je zatim slijedilo bio je āpogled iznutraā. No, od kada nisam viÅ”e u pravom smislu rijeÄi aktivan u turizmu, piÅ”uÄi ovaj Älanak mogao sam ponovno i s punim pravom napisati - āpogled sa straneā.
DoduÅ”e, danas je taj pogled bitno razliÄit od onoga iz prvih dana mog angažmana u hrvatskom turizmu, jer sam u dugogodiÅ”njem radu u turizmu stekao brojna iskustva. Zbog toga i ovaj naslov treba prihvatiti viÅ”e kao pokuÅ”aj da Älanku dam neÅ”to atraktivniji naziv od naslova Älanaka koje uobiÄajeno nalazimo u struÄnom tisku ili pak kao nastojanje da Älanku dam neko posebno znaÄenje.
Älanak pokuÅ”ava sažeto objasniti danaÅ”nji položaj suvremenog hrvatskog turizma, relativizirati rezultate turizma u Hrvatskoj u 2015. godini i dati neke osobne opaske o pripremama 2016. turistiÄke godine.When nearly fifty years ago I wrote my first article on tourism, I could have written and talked about āan outsiderās viewā. Everything that followed was āan insiderās viewā. However, since I am no longer active, in the literal meaning of the word, in tourism, I can again rightfully claim that this article will offer āan outsiderās viewā. Nevertheless, today this view is significantly different from the one I held during my early engagement with Croatian tourism, due to the diverse experience I gained during my longstanding career. As a result, this title should be taken as an effort to provide the article with a more attractive heading than article titles found in professional publications or as a tendency to give it a special meaning.
This paper attempts to provide a summarized explanation of the position of modern Croatian tourism today, to make relevant the tourism results in Croatia in 2015 and to offer authorās commentary on preparations for the tourism season 2016
1990 ā THE TURNING POINT IN EUROPEAN TOURISM RESEARCH
Promjene u stilu života ÄovjeÄanstva uvijek su bile posljedica velikih globalnih razvoja. Krajem 20. stoljeÄa javilo se nekoliko velikih promjena kao posljedica brojnih dogaÄaja u Europi. Sve su one rezultirale nekom vrstom utjecaja na turizam Europe, kako pozitivnim, tako i negativnim. MeÄutim, promjene koje su se javile u posljednjih 15 godina dramatiÄno su promijenile tijek razvoja turizma u Europi, posebice u njenom istoÄnom dijelu. PolitiÄke promjene, o kojima uglavnom govorimo, dovele su do tri kljuÄna faktora: slobodno kretanje ljudi, sigurno putovanje i viÅ”i standard života na cijelom kontinentu. Samo ta tri faktora imaju najznaÄajniji utjecaj na turizam. Svrha ovog rada je istražiti zbog Äega nove države, novi politiÄki, druÅ”tveni i ekonomski poredak u Europi i puno veÄe turistiÄko tržiÅ”te nego prije (otprilike 400 milijuna novih klijenata) zahtijevaju puno viÅ”e novih i raznovrsnih istraživanja. LogiÄno, u takvim novim okolnostima mogu se javiti brojne i ne uvijek poznate Äinjenice i sile koje imaju utjecaj na turistiÄke tokove u Europi. One su predmet novih i obuhvatnijih istraživanja veÄ danas, a to Äe se vjerojatno nastaviti i u buduÄnosti.The changes in the life of humankind have always been the consequence of great world developments. At the end of the twentieth century, as a result of many circumstances in Europe, there were several big developments. All of them have had some kind of impact on European tourism, both positive and negative. However, developments that have occurred in the last 15 years have dramatically changed tourism development in Europe, and especially in its eastern part. The political development we refer to in particular has led to three important effects: the free flow of people, safe travelling, and a higher standard of living in the entire continent. Just these three factors have had the greatest influence on tourism. The purpose of this paper is to examine why the newly established countries, the new political, social and economic order in Europe, and a much bigger tourism market than before (approximately 400 million new customers), require the undertaking of more and different kinds of research. Logically, in such new circumstances, there might be many, and not necessarily well-known, facts and forces directing tourism flows in Europe. These are the subject even today of new and even broader research, and it is likely that this will continue to be the case in the future
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