Construction and programming of the platform for spatial imaging with sensors

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and these results are parts of the Grant No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200132 with University of Kragujevac – Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak.In this paper, the construction solution and the method of programming the platform for spatial imaging with sensors are presented. The mechanical construction of the platform is described in detail, as well as the electrical components needed for movement of the sensor carrier in the horizontal plane. Movement is achieved by two stepper motors, and movement control is obtained by connecting the corresponding Arduino and LabVIEW programs. The movement of the carrier from the initial position, through four arbitrary points, until it is placed again in the initial position was realised. The paper provides relevant technical data about the platform, connection diagrams, parts of the program code and accompanying discussion.Publishe

IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 3D PRINTING OBJECTS USING HYBRID MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Production of three-dimensional parts in 3D printing process gains growing importance in various fields, such as: aviation and car industry, architecture, medicine, dentistry, etc. Mechanical performance is an important users’ requirement for manufacturers of 3D printed parts. Furthermore, printed part highly depends on process parameters, position and orientation of the printed part, and performances of the 3D printer which prints the part. In this paper, based on experimental results, an artificial neural network has been used for modeling the dependence of process parameters and object orientation during printing, on the one side, and tensile strength as very important mechanical performance, on the other side. After establishing abovementioned dependence, the developed neural network has been used as a fitness function for the genetic algorithm while the genetic algorithm has been created for the optimization process. The result of optimization process was a set of optimal process parameters and part orientation giving the maximum tensile strength. The results have shown acceptable potential of the developed methodology for optimizing the 3D printing process as a complex engineering problem

ELECTRONIC GEARING OF TWO DC MOTOR SHAFTS FOR WHEG TYPE MOBILE ROBOT

This paper describes the implementation of electronic gearing of two DC motor shafts. DC motors are drives for a mobile robot with wheels in the form of wheel - leg (Wheg) configuration. A single wheel consists of two Whegs (dWheg). The first DC motor drives one Wheg, while the second one drives another independent Wheg. One motor serves as the master drive motor, while the other represents the slave drive motor. As the motors are independent, it is necessary to synchronize the speed and adjust the angle between shafts. The main contribution of this paper is the implementation of control structure that enables the slave to follow the master drive, without mechanical coupling. Based on encoder measurements, the slave effectively follows the master drive for the given references of speed and angle. Speed and positioning loops are implemented on real time controller - sbRIO. The laboratory setup was created and comparison of realized and required angles and speeds was made

Improvement of study programs for bachelor’s and master’s studies in Mechatronics in response to the requirements of Industry 4.0

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, and these results are parts of the Grant No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200132 with University of Kragujevac - Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čacak.Development in information technology has resulted in revolutionizing all aspects of life and this revolution has been realized as Industry 4.0. A main approach that universities' educational systems may take towards Industry 4.0 is educating students who have the right skill set for reacting to the changes in their working environment, adapting their performance, and learning to cope with technological development. This paper presents the results of the project "Improvement of study programs for bachelor's and master's studies in Mechatronics in response to the requirements of Industry 4.0", which was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia as a part of program activity "Development of higher education" and performed in the 2020/21 academic year.Publishe

Laboratorijska elektro-pneumatski upravljana postavka

Studying the dynamic behaviour of objects or systems in response to conditions cannot always be easily or safely applied in real life. Computer simulations in engineering are very important as it solves real-world problems safely and efficiently. It provides an important method of analysis which is easily verified, communicated, and understood. Across industries and disciplines, simulation modelling provides valuable solutions by giving clear insights into complex systems. A system presented in this paper is a pneumatic sheet metal bending laboratory setup. An electro-pneumatic motion control of this system is modelled and simulated in FluidSim software. This system is also physically built using main pneumatic and electrical components with PLC. Described laboratory setup in this paper was used in the education of students and significant enchantment in the understanding of how similar systems work was noticed.Publishe

Razvoj laboratorijskog sistema za merenje karakteristika fotonaponskotermičkog panela

The emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere, air pollution and global warming can be greatly reduced by increasing the use of renewable energy sources such as solar energy to heat domestic hot water, space heating and generating electricity. This paper describes the systems of combined (hybrid) PV/T panels that can simultaneously generate both heat and electricity, as well as the characteristics of the PV/T panel. A prototype of the laboratory setting for the examination of these systems along with the used components is also shown. The temperature, fluid flow rate values, obtained heat and electric gain are also presented. Deficiencies and proposed changes in the laboratory setup and used equipment were laid out, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurements.Publishe

Determination of hen eggshell stress by the puncture method

The aim of this study was to design and apply the measuring acquisition system, or a device for determining the limit values of eggshell stress using the puncture method. This study focused on class "L" eggs produced on a laying hen farm in the vicinity of Čаčak and determined the external physical properties of egg quality: length, width, shape index and mass. In addition, the following eggshell properties were determined: mass, proportion, thickness, and puncture force. The average egg length was 58.05 mm, width 45.46 mm, and shape index 78.25%. The average egg mass was 65.89 g, and the eggshell ratio 12.76% (8.44 g). The average eggshell thickness was 0.48 mm with a 4.69% coefficient of variation. Results showed that the tested eggs had uniform stress, with an average value of the minimum shell puncture force 26.34 N, with a 0.95% coefficient of variation.Publishe

Dizajn i kompjuterska simulacija automatski kontrolisanog hidromehaničkog sistema za proizvodnju elemenata sita sa klinastim žicom

The article presents a design of mechatronic system used for the production of wire elements used in looped wedge wire screen manufacturing. Details related to the design of the hydromechanical subsystem, the control subsystem, as well as the simulation of the operation process of the entire system are presented.Publishe

Direktene metode za određivanje čvrstoće ljuske jaja

U procesu proizvodnje i distribucije jaja od živinarskih farmi do potrošača, usled delovanja spoljašnjih sila, dolazi do naprsnuća ili pucanja jaja. Zbog lošeg kvaliteta ljuske, svakodnevno se polomi 6-10% od ukupnog broja proizvedenih jaja, što predstavlja značajan ekonomski gubitak. Ljuska jaja mora da bude toliko čvrsta da se ne razbije u tokom manipulacije, kao i dovoljno meka da je pile kljunom razbije prilikom izleganja. Cilj ovog rada je bilo projektovanje i primena merno akvizacionog sistema - uređaja za utvrđivanje graničnih vrednosti čvrstoće ljuske jaja korišćenjem direktne metode probijanja ljuske. Sistem za merenje čvrstoće jaja i mehaničkih osobina poljoprivrednih plodova realizovan je na Fakultetu tehničkih nauka i Agronomskom fakultetu u Čačku. U postavljenom eksperimentu su korišćena jaja "A" klase proizvedena na farmi kokoši nosilja u okolini Čačka. U istraživanjima su određene osnovne spoljašnje osobine kvaliteta kokošijih jaja: dužina, širina, indeks oblika i masa jaja. Pored toga, utvrđene su i osobine ljuske: masa, udeo, debljina i sila probijanja. U ovom istraživanju, prosečna dužina jaja je bila 58,05 mm, širina 45,46 mm a indeks oblika 78,25. Od prosečne mase jaja (65,89 g), udeo ljuske je iznosio 12,76% (8,44 g). Prosečna debljina ljuske sa opnom je bila 0,48 mm, sa kojeficijentom varijacije 4,69%. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su ispitivana jaja imala ujednačenu čvrstoću, gde je prosečna vrednost minimalne sile probijanja ljuske iznosila 26,34 N, sa koeficijentom varijacije od 0,95%. Prednost metode probijanja u odnosu na metod pritska je u tome što je vrlo precizna i daje konkretne podatke o vrednostima čvrstoće, odnosno sile probijanja, a da pri tom ne dolazi do razbijanja jaja. Na istom uzorku, testiranja se mogu ponoviti više puta na bilo kom mestu ljuske jaja. Rezultati ovih istraživanja mogu dati značajne podatke koji su bitni za konstrukciju kaveza, projektovanje opreme za prikupljanje i pakovanje jaja, kao i za dizajniranje ambalaže za jaja. Pored toga, poznavanje vrednosti sile probijanja ljuske jaja su važni pri selekciji i stvaranju novih linija i hibrida kokoši koje imaju veću otpornost ljuske na lomljenje ljuske jaja.Publishe