ABO and Rh-D blood group frequency and distribution: a tertiary care hospital experience

Background: This study was carried out to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in blood donors of tertiary care hospital-attached blood bank.Methods: This study was conducted among the blood donors of Hyderabad Telangana State (India), who donated blood during the period from July 2013 to December 2014. ABO and Rh blood grouping was performed by forward blood grouping (cell grouping) using test tube agglutination method using antisera A, antisera B and antisera D and by reverse grouping using pooled known A, B and O cells.Results: Out of 1740 blood donors, 1702 (55.6%) were male and 38 (44.4%) were female. Majority of blood donors were in 21-40 years of age group. The most frequent blood group positions in the descending order are ‘O’, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘AB’ respectively. One group was ‘Oh’ (Bombay Phenotype).Conclusions: ‘O’ group is the most frequent position of ABO blood group system followed by ‘A’ group. Rh+ is the most frequent group than Rh- in the Rh system. Blood donations by females are very low

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: a rare entity of bronchiectasis

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS) is a rare clinical and radiologic entity characterized by pathologic dilatation of the trachea and bronchi. The etiology of this disorder is uncertain and the clinical presentation is variable. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the characteristic CT scan findings. We report one such case in a 44-year-old man presenting with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections

Irritation fibroma of tongue: a case report

Reactive hyperplastic outgrowths are seen in the oral cavity due to chronic irritation by plaque, calculus, overhanging margins, trauma and dental appliances.  Irritation fibroma represents a reactive focal fibrous hyperplasia due to trauma or local irritation. We report a case of irritation fibroma of right lateral border of tongue in a 46-year-old female

Drug sensitivity pattern among category –I relapse cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and its correlation with pre- treatment sputum and radiological status

Background: An increased incidence of drug resistance is seen even after active implementation of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS). Early diagnosis of such cases can be improved by performing DST (drug sensitivity test) in all relapse cases. Objective: To know the drug sensitivity pattern and emergence of drug resistance among the category I relapse cases of pulmonary tuberculosis by culture of sputum & drug sensitivity. Material and methods: In this prospective analysis, we have studied the pattern of drug resistance met with in Mycobaclerium tuberculosis isolates obtained from 102 relapse cases who have completed category-I treatment under DOTS. Results: A very high prevalence of MDR-TB (35.29%) is seen among the category I relapse cases. An increased drug resistance among relapse cases correlated well with extensive disease with cavitation radiologically and heavy sputum bacillary load in their pre treatment status. Conclusions: We conclude that all relapse cases should be evaluated for sputum culture and drug sensitivity at the earliest to know about the sensitivity pattern before putting them on category 2. DOTS therapy needs to consider some individualization of treatment based on case specific circumstances, not routinely but atleast for those patients with very extensive disease with cavitation and heavy bacillary load in the sputum

Paediatric hodgkin's lymphoma: A study of 3 cases

Of all the pediatric malignancies, lymphomas account for about 10-15% of the cases with half of them diagnosed as Hodgkin's lymphoma. Remarkably, this malignancy has a high cure rate with a 5-year survival rate approaching 95%. Hodgkin's lymphoma has an overall incidence rate of 14 per 100,000 less than 15 years of age. It has a typical bimodal distribution with respect to age. In developed countries, the peak incidence is seen in young adults and the elderly. While, in developing countries the incidence is higher among children and young adults with a male preponderance. Histologically, mixed cellularity subtype of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs commonly in the children and in developing countries. We report three typical cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cellularity subtype with early-stage unfavorable disease presenting as a slightly painful right cervical mass and “B” symptoms. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated. Ultrasound neck scan suggested tuberculous lymphadenitis. Other laboratory and radiological findings were normal. Fine needle aspiration smears and histopathology helped in arriving at diagnosis of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, mixed cellularity subtype

Cysticercosis in the axillary region: A case report

Cysticercosis, a systemic illness and a major public health problem is caused by dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm. Taenia solium. A high prevalence has been reported from the developing countries because of the co-existence of poor sanitary conditions and domestic pig raising. Cysticercosis is a preventable faeco-oral transmitted infection and it is possible to prevent infection by avoiding undercooked food, and water contaminated with human faeces. In this unusual form of infection man becomes the intermediate host. The skeletal muscle, subcutaneous tissue, the eyes and CNS are the most frequently affected tissues. Other reported sites are heart, lungs, peritoneum, kidney, liver, and pancreas. The involvement of axillary region, although not unusual is a rare. We present a case of axillary cysticercosis in an 18 year old female

Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections in a hospital attached blood bank

Background: Screening of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors is a cost-effective approach to monitor the prevalence, distribution, and trends of the infections among healthy-looking individuals. The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of four TTIs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis, among blood donors in a hospital attached blood bank , suraram , hyderabad. Objectives: The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors in a small scale hospital attached blood bank. Methods: All the donors reporting to the blood bank were screened for HBsAg, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HIV by using the appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory (VDRL) test / Rapid Plasma Reagin Test was used for estimation of syphilis infection. Results: The study was designed for duration of two years from January 2012 to December 2013. A total of 2039 blood donors were screened, of which voluntary donors were 644 (33 %) replacement donors were 1369 (67 %). Seroprevalence in 2012 prevalence rate for HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis were 0.62%, 2.04%, 1.53%, and 1.47% respectively. In 2013 prevalence rates for HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis were 0.66%, 2.47%, 1.70% and 1.15%. Blood is still one of the main sources of transmission of infections. HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C viruses and syphilis are prevalent among blood donors. Conclusion: Voluntary donations are safer when compared to replacement donors. Replacement donations are to be discouraged and promotion of voluntary blood donation should be done. Our study shows is an increase in HBV prevalence, especially among replacement males above 30 years of age

FNAC diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma of palate

Pleomorphic adenoma also called benign mixed tumor, is the most common salivary gland tumor. Most of these tumors occur in major salivary glands; Parotid gland happens to be the commonly involved one (about 90 %) and about 10 % of these occur in the minor salivary glands. The most common sites for pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands are the palate, followed by the lips, the cheeks, floor of the mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, the retromolar area and the nasal cavity. FNAC of intraoral swellings is rarely advised. Here, we are reporting a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the palate diagnosed on FNA Cytology. We conclude that FNAC is a useful diagnostic tool before surgery even in intraoral swellings

Fibroadenoma with spontaneous infarction: An unusual case

Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors in young women. Infarction is rarely observed in fibroadenomas and when present, it is usually associated with pregnancy or lactation. Spontaneous infarction is an uncommon complication of fibro adenoma of the breast. Although infarction following fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been reported in the literature, infarction encountering on first time aspiration is very rare. Lack of knowledge of this entity may lead to a false diagnosis of inflammatory lesion like mastitis and carcinoma on cytology smears. In young patients with breast lumps, if the aspirated material is necrotic, the probable diagnosis of spontaneous infarction should always be kept in mind. Viable fibroadenomatous tissue should be searched for in the FNA smears

A retrospective analysis of donor deferral characteristics for plateletpheresis in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Background: There is an increasing demand for platelets in the recent years due to increase in cancer cases, dengue fever, and other platelet-related diseases. Blood bank plays a vital role in supplying platelet units which have better yield and fewer complications. Single donor platelet (SDP) unit is a useful platelet product in many diseases for raising the platelet count. For better yield, a healthy and young donor is required which is a great challenge for the blood bank staff. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out for a period of 4 years from January 2014 to December 2017. Data were collected from the records maintained by the Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Results: Out of 860, a total of 705 Plateletpheresis donors were selected for SDP donation, and the remaining 155 (18.02%) donors were deferred for various reasons. The predominant age range of the deferred donors was 25–34 years (50.32%). Among the deferred donors, males were 90.32% and females were 9.68%. Temporarily deferred donors account for 98.07% and permanently deferred donors were 1.93%. The most common causes for deferral were low platelet count (31.61%), low hemoglobin (27.09%), and poor venous access (20.64%) and the least common cause was dermatitis at the venipuncture site (1.29%). The most common reason for permanent deferral was seropositivity for HBsAg. Conclusion: Selection of plateletpheresis donor with utmost stringency will give good yield of platelets. Temporary deferred donor should be counseled properly so as to encourage them for the future donations when they become eligible, and this bridges the gap between the demand and supply of apheresis platelets