Influence of aluminium on the structural and biochemical charachterictics of mongolian gerbil brain.

Uvod: Aluminijum (Al) je metal prisutan pretežno u zemljinoj kori i čovekovom okruženju. Više studija je pokazalo da sa unosom Al u organizam raste individualni rizik od nastanka neurodegenerativnih oboljenja uključujući i Alchajmerovu bolest (AB), a da je sam etiopatogeneteski mehanizam i dalje predmet izučavanja i pretpostavki (Campbell, 2002; Kawahara, 2005; Walton i Wang, 2009). U istraživanjima, koja su bazirana na uticaju Al u nastanku morfoloških i neurobiohemijskih promena karakterističnih za AB, korišćeni su različiti eksperimentalni animalni modeli (Kaltzo i sar., 1965; Walton, 2007) kao i in vitro studije (Kawahara i sar, 2001; Ricchelli i sar., 2005). U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj akutne i subakutne intoksikacije aluminijumom na strukturne i biohemijske karakteristike pojedinih moždanih regiona pustinjskih miševa (Mongolian gerbils). Ciljevi: (I) Ispitati dinamiku promena mitohondrijalnog metabolizama (aktivnost citohrom c oksidaze (COX) i komleksa I), holinergičkog sistema (aktivnost acetiholinesteraze (AChE)) i pokazatelja oksidativnog stresa - sadržaj lipidnih peroksida izražen preko koncentracije malondialdehida (MDA), superoksid anjona (O2-) i sulfihidrilnih (SH) grupa, kao i aktivnost superoksid dizmutaze (SOD) i katalaze (CAT) u korteksu, hipokampusu, talamusu i nc. caudatus-u životinja u toku prva 24 sata od akutnog tretmana različitim dozama (LD25 i LD50) aluminijuma hlorida (AlCl3); (II) Odrediti aktivnost COX i komleksa I, aktivnost AChE i pokazatelja oksidativnog stresa (sadržaj MDA, O2- i SH grupa, kao i aktivnost SOD i CAT) u korteksu, hipokampusu, talamusu i nc. caudatus-u džerbila nakon subakutnog tretmana sa AlCl3 koji je aplikovan gavažom u dozi LD10 u toku tri nedelje; (III) Ispitati uticaj subakutnog davanja AlCl3 (LD10) na ekspresiju amiloida β, NADPH oksidaze (NOX) i pojedinih izoenzima superoksid dizmutaze (SOD1 i SOD2) u mozgu pustinjskih miševa, tehnikama imunohistohemije i Western blota...Objective: Aluminium is a metal predominantly present in the Earth's crust and is common in the human environment. Several studies suggest that aluminum (Al) intake might increase an individual’s risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) but mechanism of ethiopatogenesis is still the subject of studies and assumptions (Campbell, 2002; Kawahara, 2005; Walton and Wang, 2009). In studies based on the influence of Al on the occurrence of morphological and neurobiochemical changes that are characteristic for AB different experimental models (Kaltzo et al., 1965; Walton, 2007) and in vitro surveys (Kawahara et al., 2001; Ricchelli et al., 2005) were used. Animal model of Mongolian gerbils we used in order to investigate the influence of aluminum to the structural and biochemical characteristics of certain brain regions. Aims: (I) to analyze the dynamic of changes of mitochondrial metabolism (activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and Complex I), cholinergic system (activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), oxidative stress parameters - levels of lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2-) production and thiol (SH) groups as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase activity (CAT) in a brain structure - cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and nc. caudatus after aluminium chloride (AlCl3 x6H20) tretament, initiated by two different doses of Al (LD25 i LD50 ), given per os in a first 24 hours; (II) to observe and measure AChE activity, oxidative stress parameters including SOD and CAT activity, O2- production, levels of MDA and SH groups as well as COX and Complex I activities, after subacute treatment with Al in doses LD10 during 21 days; (III) To analyze the effects of ingested Al on the dynamic of changes in NADPH oxidase (NOX2) expression, amiloid β and superoxide dismutase SOD1 and SOD2 after subacute Al treatment by immunohistochemistry and Western blot tehnic..

Nature of the diffuse emission sources in the H I supershell in the galaxy IC 1613

We present a study of the nearby low-metallicity dwarf galaxy IC 1613, focusing on the search for massive stars and related feedback processes, as well as for faint supernova remnants (SNR) in late stages of evolution. We obtained the deepest images of IC 1613 in the narrow-band H{\alpha}, He II and [S II] emission lines and new long-slit spectroscopy observations using several facilities (6-m BTA, 2.5m SAI MSU, and 150RTT telescopes), in combination with the multi-wavelength archival data from MUSE/VLT, VLA, XMM-Newton, and Swift/XRT. Our deep narrow-band photometry identifies several faint shells in the galaxy, and we further investigate their physical characteristics with the new long-slit spectroscopy observations and the archival multi-wavelength data. Based on energy balance calculations and assumptions about their possible nature, we propose that one of the shells is a possible remnant of a supernova explosion. We study five out of eight Wolf-Rayet (WR) star candidates previously published for this galaxy using the He ii emission line mapping, MUSE/VLT archival spectra, and new long-slit spectra. Our analysis discards the considered WR candidates and finds no new ones. We found P Cyg profiles in H{\alpha} line in two stars, which we classify as Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) star candidates. Overall, the galaxy IC 1613 may have a lower rate of WR star formation than previously suggested

Preliminary approach to bio-based surface healing of structural repair cement mortars

Mitigating the maintenance and repair costs of structures and infrastructures is a major problem in all countries. The aim of this research work is to analyse the performance of surface healing technique for crack control of cement-based mortars for structural repair in maritime environments. Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) with ureolytic bacteria Sporosarcina pasteuri DSM 33 was introduced for crack-healing. Only main cracks were filled with the bioagent (bacterial cells and nutrients) for cost-saving purpose. It is intended to analyse the effectiveness of this technique for structural application in areas exposed to cyclic moisture changes. Hygric properties and their relation to durability increase were analysed through moisture buffering tests, capillary, porosity, compressive strength, SEM and microscopy analysis before and after bio-agent application to evaluate the evolution of the precipitation. For the first time, moisture buffering value (MBV) was used to evaluate the performance of the self-healed mortar and time needed for bacterial precipitation. The treated material can be classified as good in terms of MBV, and there was a general increasing trend of moisture buffering behaviour in self-healed samples. SEM analysis showed distinctive differences between the treated and non-treated cracks. The results show that bio-agent had remarkable effect on compressive strength recovery (over 87% of original value) after 21 days of healing and positively affected the initial stage of capillary absorption

Comparison of Microbially Induced Healing Solutions for Crack Repairs of Cement-Based Infrastructure

Reinforced concrete crack repair and maintenance costs are around 84% to 125% higher than construction costs, which emphasises the need to increase the infrastructure service life. Prolongation of the designed service life of concrete structures can have significant economic and ecological benefits by minimising the maintenance actions and related increase of carbon and energy expenditure, making it more sustainable. Different mechanisms such as diffusion, permeation and capillary action are responsible for the transport of fluids inside the concrete, which can impact on the structure service life. This paper presents data on microbially induced repair and self-healing solutions for cementitious materials available in the contemporary literature and compares results of compressive strength test and capillary water absorption test, which are relevant to their sealing and mechanical characteristics. The results of the repair and self-healing solutions (relative to unassisted recovery processes) were “normalized.” Externally applied bacteria-based solutions can improve the compressive strength of cementitious materials from 13% to 27%. The internal solution based solely on bacterial suspension had 19% improvement efficacy. Results also show that “hybrid” solutions, based on both bio-based and non-bio-based components, whether externally or internally applied, have the potential for best repair results, synergistically combining their benefits

Galactic and Extragalactic Samples of Supernova Remnants: How They Are Identified and What They Tell Us

Supernova remnants (SNRs) arise from the interaction between the ejecta of a supernova (SN) explosion and the surrounding circumstellar and interstellar medium. Some SNRs, mostly nearby SNRs, can be studied in great detail. However, to understand SNRs as a whole, large samples of SNRs must be assembled and studied. Here, we describe the radio, optical, and X-ray techniques which have been used to identify and characterize almost 300 Galactic SNRs and more than 1200 extragalactic SNRs. We then discuss which types of SNRs are being found and which are not. We examine the degree to which the luminosity functions, surface-brightness distributions and multi-wavelength comparisons of the samples can be interpreted to determine the class properties of SNRs and describe efforts to establish the type of SN explosion associated with a SNR. We conclude that in order to better understand the class properties of SNRs, it is more important to study (and obtain additional data on) the SNRs in galaxies with extant samples at multiple wavelength bands than it is to obtain samples of SNRs in other galaxiesComment: Final 2016 draft of a chapter in "Handbook of Supernovae" edited by Athem W. Alsabti and Paul Murdin. Final version available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20794-0_90-

Influence of aluminium on the structural and biochemical charachterictics of mongolian gerbil brain.

Uvod: Aluminijum (Al) je metal prisutan pretežno u zemljinoj kori i čovekovom okruženju. Više studija je pokazalo da sa unosom Al u organizam raste individualni rizik od nastanka neurodegenerativnih oboljenja uključujući i Alchajmerovu bolest (AB), a da je sam etiopatogeneteski mehanizam i dalje predmet izučavanja i pretpostavki (Campbell, 2002; Kawahara, 2005; Walton i Wang, 2009). U istraživanjima, koja su bazirana na uticaju Al u nastanku morfoloških i neurobiohemijskih promena karakterističnih za AB, korišćeni su različiti eksperimentalni animalni modeli (Kaltzo i sar., 1965; Walton, 2007) kao i in vitro studije (Kawahara i sar, 2001; Ricchelli i sar., 2005). U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj akutne i subakutne intoksikacije aluminijumom na strukturne i biohemijske karakteristike pojedinih moždanih regiona pustinjskih miševa (Mongolian gerbils). Ciljevi: (I) Ispitati dinamiku promena mitohondrijalnog metabolizama (aktivnost citohrom c oksidaze (COX) i komleksa I), holinergičkog sistema (aktivnost acetiholinesteraze (AChE)) i pokazatelja oksidativnog stresa - sadržaj lipidnih peroksida izražen preko koncentracije malondialdehida (MDA), superoksid anjona (O2-) i sulfihidrilnih (SH) grupa, kao i aktivnost superoksid dizmutaze (SOD) i katalaze (CAT) u korteksu, hipokampusu, talamusu i nc. caudatus-u životinja u toku prva 24 sata od akutnog tretmana različitim dozama (LD25 i LD50) aluminijuma hlorida (AlCl3); (II) Odrediti aktivnost COX i komleksa I, aktivnost AChE i pokazatelja oksidativnog stresa (sadržaj MDA, O2- i SH grupa, kao i aktivnost SOD i CAT) u korteksu, hipokampusu, talamusu i nc. caudatus-u džerbila nakon subakutnog tretmana sa AlCl3 koji je aplikovan gavažom u dozi LD10 u toku tri nedelje; (III) Ispitati uticaj subakutnog davanja AlCl3 (LD10) na ekspresiju amiloida β, NADPH oksidaze (NOX) i pojedinih izoenzima superoksid dizmutaze (SOD1 i SOD2) u mozgu pustinjskih miševa, tehnikama imunohistohemije i Western blota...Objective: Aluminium is a metal predominantly present in the Earth's crust and is common in the human environment. Several studies suggest that aluminum (Al) intake might increase an individual’s risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) but mechanism of ethiopatogenesis is still the subject of studies and assumptions (Campbell, 2002; Kawahara, 2005; Walton and Wang, 2009). In studies based on the influence of Al on the occurrence of morphological and neurobiochemical changes that are characteristic for AB different experimental models (Kaltzo et al., 1965; Walton, 2007) and in vitro surveys (Kawahara et al., 2001; Ricchelli et al., 2005) were used. Animal model of Mongolian gerbils we used in order to investigate the influence of aluminum to the structural and biochemical characteristics of certain brain regions. Aims: (I) to analyze the dynamic of changes of mitochondrial metabolism (activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and Complex I), cholinergic system (activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), oxidative stress parameters - levels of lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2-) production and thiol (SH) groups as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase activity (CAT) in a brain structure - cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and nc. caudatus after aluminium chloride (AlCl3 x6H20) tretament, initiated by two different doses of Al (LD25 i LD50 ), given per os in a first 24 hours; (II) to observe and measure AChE activity, oxidative stress parameters including SOD and CAT activity, O2- production, levels of MDA and SH groups as well as COX and Complex I activities, after subacute treatment with Al in doses LD10 during 21 days; (III) To analyze the effects of ingested Al on the dynamic of changes in NADPH oxidase (NOX2) expression, amiloid β and superoxide dismutase SOD1 and SOD2 after subacute Al treatment by immunohistochemistry and Western blot tehnic..