Evaluer la fiabilité humaine : quelle(s) méthode(s) choisir?

National audienceThe work situations tend permanently to trap men by placing them at risk of producing errors, for example in implementing their action plans or selecting the priorities or requirements to be met. Over forty years after the first estimates of human reliability in the nuclear field, the question remains how best to analyze these situations in order to improve the assessment and control of risks for associated safety. By an analysis of eight selected methods from the most popular ones, the aim of this paper is to try to appreciate and put into perspective the different methodological alternatives available at each stage of the human reliability assessment (HRA). This paper attempts to debate the level of compatibility between most current approaches for assessing human reliability and practices widely implemented in the human sciences.Les situations de travail tendent en permanence des pièges aux hommes leur faisant courir le risque de faillir par exemple dans l'exécution de leurs plans d'actions ou dans le choix des priorités ou exigences à satisfaire. Plus de quarante ans après les premières évaluations de la fiabilité humaine dans le domaine du nucléaire, la question reste posée de savoir comment analyser au mieux ces situations de sorte d'améliorer l'évaluation et la maîtrise des risques. A partir d'une analyse de 8 méthodes sélectionnées, parmi les plus populaires, l'objectif de cette communication est de tenter de rendre compte et de mettre en perspectives les différentes alternatives méthodologiques disponibles à chaque étape des évaluations de la fiabilité humaine. Cette communication tente de mettre en discussion le niveau de compatibilité entre la plupart des démarches actuelles pour évaluer la fiabilité humaine et les pratiques largement mises en oeuvre dans le domaine des sciences humaine

TextANIMAR: Text-based 3D Animal Fine-Grained Retrieval

3D object retrieval is an important yet challenging task, which has drawn more and more attention in recent years. While existing approaches have made strides in addressing this issue, they are often limited to restricted settings such as image and sketch queries, which are often unfriendly interactions for common users. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel SHREC challenge track focusing on text-based fine-grained retrieval of 3D animal models. Unlike previous SHREC challenge tracks, the proposed task is considerably more challenging, requiring participants to develop innovative approaches to tackle the problem of text-based retrieval. Despite the increased difficulty, we believe that this task has the potential to drive useful applications in practice and facilitate more intuitive interactions with 3D objects. Five groups participated in our competition, submitting a total of 114 runs. While the results obtained in our competition are satisfactory, we note that the challenges presented by this task are far from being fully solved. As such, we provide insights into potential areas for future research and improvements. We believe that we can help push the boundaries of 3D object retrieval and facilitate more user-friendly interactions via vision-language technologies.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.0573

Knowledge Management Model for Construction Design Consulting Companies

An optimum design is critical for improving a construction project efficiency in its implementation phase. However, it is observed in Vietnam that in many construction projects, the design optimization process has not attracted reasonable attention; this process is often carried out in a perfunctory manner without a systematic approach, then the projects’ designs are often not optimized, leading to a reduction in their performance efficiency. This study presents a knowledge-based approach with knowledge management model developed to aid in the management of a construction project's design process, based on the intelligent use of accessible corporate data and experience knowledge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three construction consulting companies with the goal of learning how the selected design solution process was executed in practice and gaining necessary knowledge for system identification and design of the suggested model. A Construction Design Knowledge Model was created, operated, and validated with consultancy construction experts. The developed Construction Design Knowledge Model was deemed an advanced tool for building design selection as a result of its ability to assist consulting firms in creating corporate information, making decision-making in a less subjective manner, and lowering reliance on personal knowledge. The system's indicated advantages helped to increase construction design performanc

FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION CONSULTING FIRMS

This paper aims to identify factors affecting the adoption of knowledge management (KM) and building information modeling (BIM) in construction consulting firms. To achieve this, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used. From the qualitative in-depth interviews with experts in the research field and experts in construction consulting firms, a final questionnaire with 30 observed variables has been developed. Next, a quantitative survey has been conducted, with the final sample including 150 participants. The research results indicate that there are five main factors affecting the adoption of knowledge management and building information modeling, including: organizational readiness, organizational factors, economic factors, technological factors, and client/customer related factors. The assessments on the importance of these factors are different according to different groups of respondents in terms of gender, age, occupation and income. organizational readiness (OR) and technology factors (TF) have strongest effects on KM and BIM adoption intention in construction consulting firms

Maternal Vaginal Colonization and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Vietnamese Pregnant Women

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) resistance to commonly prescribed drugs is increasing in Vietnam. During pregnancy, ESBL-E may predispose women to reproductive tract infections and increases the risk for neonatal morbidity. Vaginal colonization and infections by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are seldom studied in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in the birth canal of pregnant women. Between 2016 and 2020, vaginal swabs were collected from 3104 pregnant women (mean gestational age of 31 weeks) and inoculated onto MacConkey agar plates. Colonies were subjected to direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK®-2 automated compact system and disk diffusion. ESBL production was determined phenotypically. E. coli, Klebsiella species were identified in 30% (918/3104) of the vaginal swabs, with E. coli being the most common (73%; 667/918). ESBL-production was detected in 47% (432/918) of Enterobacterales, with frequent multidrug-resistant phenotype. The overall prevalence of carbapenem resistance was low (8%). Over 20% of Klebsiella spp. were carbapenem-resistant. Pregnant women had a high prevalence of colonization and may transmit ESBL-E to neonates at birth, an important risk factor to be considered. The high rate of ESBL-producers and carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales in Vietnam emphasizes the need for consequent surveillance and access to molecular typing

Interdisciplinary Assessment of Hygiene Practices in Multiple Locations: Implications for COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness in Vietnam

10.3389/fpubh.2020.589183Frontiers in Public Health858918

Phylodynamics of Enterovirus A71-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Viet Nam

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and is particularly prevalent in parts of Southeast Asia, affecting thousands of children and infants each year. Revealing the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of EV-A71 through time and space is central to understanding its outbreak potential. We generated the full genome sequences of 200 EV-A71 strains sampled from various locations in Viet Nam between 2011 and 2013 and used these sequence data to determine the evolutionary history and phylodynamics of EV-A71 in Viet Nam, providing estimates of the effective reproduction number (Re) of the infection through time. In addition, we described the phylogeography of EV-A71 throughout Southeast Asia, documenting patterns of viral gene flow. Accordingly, our analysis reveals that a rapid genogroup switch from C4 to B5 likely took place during 2012 in Viet Nam. We show that the Re of subgenogroup C4 decreased during the time frame of sampling, whereas that of B5 increased and remained >1 at the end of 2013, corresponding to a rise in B5 prevalence. Our study reveals that the subgenogroup B5 virus that emerged into Viet Nam is closely related to variants that were responsible for large epidemics in Malaysia and Taiwan and therefore extends our knowledge regarding its associated area of endemicity. Subgenogroup B5 evidently has the potential to cause more widespread outbreaks across Southeast Asia

Phylodynamics of Enterovirus A71-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Viet Nam

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and is particularly prevalent in parts of Southeast Asia, affecting thousands of children and infants each year. Revealing the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of EV-A71 through time and space is central to understanding its outbreak potential. We generated the full genome sequences of 200 EV-A71 strains sampled from various locations in Viet Nam between 2011 and 2013 and used these sequence data to determine the evolutionary history and phylodynamics of EV-A71 in Viet Nam, providing estimates of the effective reproduction number (Rₑ) of the infection through time. In addition, we described the phylogeography of EV-A71 throughout Southeast Asia, documenting patterns of viral gene flow. Accordingly, our analysis reveals that a rapid genogroup switch from C4 to B5 likely took place during 2012 in Viet Nam. We show that the Rₑ of subgenogroup C4 decreased during the time frame of sampling, whereas that of B5 increased and remained >1 at the end of 2013, corresponding to a rise in B5 prevalence. Our study reveals that the subgenogroup B5 virus that emerged into Viet Nam is closely related to variants that were responsible for large epidemics in Malaysia and Taiwan and therefore extends our knowledge regarding its associated area of endemicity. Subgenogroup B5 evidently has the potential to cause more widespread outbreaks across Southeast Asia.9 page(s