The ionic states of iodobenzene studied by photoionization and ab initio configuration interaction and DFT computations

New valence electron photoelectron spectra of iodobenzene obtained using synchrotron radiation have been recorded. Ionization energies (IEs) determined using multi-configuration SCF calculation (MCSCF) procedures confirmed the adiabatic IE order as: X2B1 < A2A2 < B2B2 < C2B1. Although it is convenient to retain C2v labelling, there is an evidence that minor distortion to CS symmetry occurs at the MCSCF level for the C state. The fifth ionization process shown to be D2A1 exhibits dissociation to C6H5+ + I both in the experimental and theoretical studies. The calculated Franck- Condon vibrational spectral envelopes, including hot band contributions, for the first four ionic states reproduce the observed peak positions and intensities with reasonable accuracy. In order to simulate the observed spectra, different bandwidths are required for different states. The increase in the required bandwidths for the A2A2 and B2B2 states is attributed to internal conversion to lower-lying states. The presence of relatively high intensity sequence bands leads to asymmetry of each of the X2B1 state bands

Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene

New photoelectron (PE) and ultra violet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) spectra have been obtained for chlorobenzene by synchrotron study with higher sensitivity and resolution than previous work and are subjected to detailed analysis. In addition, we report on the mass-resolved (2 + 1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of a jet-cooled sample. Both the VUV and REMPI spectra have enabled identification of a considerable number of Rydberg states for the first time. The use of ab initio calculations, which include both multi-reference multi-root doubles and singles configuration interaction (MRD-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical (TDDFT) methods, has led to major advances in interpretation of the vibrational structure of the ionic and electronically excited states. Franck-Condon (FC) analyses of the PE spectra, including both hot and cold bands, indicate much more complex envelopes than previously thought. The sequence of ionic states can be best interpreted by our multi-configuration self-consistent field computations and also by comparison of the calculated vibrational structure of the B and C ionic states with experiment; these conclusions suggest that the leading sequence is the same as that of iodobenzene and bromobenzene, namely: X2B1(3b1 121) < A2A2(1a2 121) < B2B2(6b2 121) < C2B1(2b1 121). The absorption onset near 4.6 eV has been investigated using MRD-CI and TDDFT calculations; the principal component of this band is 1B2 and an interpretation based on the superposition of FC and Herzberg-Teller contributions has been performed. The other low-lying absorption band near 5.8 eV is dominated by a 1A1 state, but an underlying weak 1B1 state (\u3c0\u3c3 17) is also found. The strongest band in the VUV spectrum near 6.7 eV is poorly resolved and is analyzed in terms of two \u3c0\u3c0 17 states of 1A1 (higher oscillator strength) and 1B2 (lower oscillator strength) symmetries, respectively. The calculated vertical excitation energies of these two states are critically dependent upon the presence of Rydberg functions in the basis set, since both manifolds are strongly perturbed by the Rydberg states in this energy range. A number of equilibrium structures of the ionic and singlet excited states show that the molecular structure is less subject to variation than corresponding studies for iodobenzene and bromobenzene