224 research outputs found

    Accurate Determination of Conformational Transitions in Oligomeric Membrane Proteins

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    The structural dynamics governing collective motions in oligomeric membrane proteins play key roles in vital biomolecular processes at cellular membranes. In this study, we present a structural refinement approach that combines solid-state NMR experiments and molecular simulations to accurately describe concerted conformational transitions identifying the overall structural, dynamical, and topological states of oligomeric membrane proteins. The accuracy of the structural ensembles generated with this method is shown to reach the statistical error limit, and is further demonstrated by correctly reproducing orthogonal NMR data. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach by characterising the pentameric state of phospholamban, a key player in the regulation of calcium uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and by probing its dynamical activation upon phosphorylation. Our results underline the importance of using an ensemble approach to characterise the conformational transitions that are often responsible for the biological function of oligomeric membrane protein states

    Protein-lipid Interactions: Influence of Anchoring Groups and Buried Arginine on the Properties of Membrane-spanning Peptides

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    Designed transmembrane peptides were employed for investigations of protein-lipid interactions by means of oriented solid-state deuterium NMR spectroscopy using isotope-enriched alanine residues. Using the model GWALP23 sequence (GGALW(LA)6LWLAGA) as a host peptide having single interfacial tryptophan anchor residues, the effects of different guest mutations were explored. Replacements of glycine residues 2 and 22 to positively charged lysine or arginine on both termini had little influence on the peptide average orientation. Conversely, glycine to tryptophan substitutions had profound effects, manifested in the increased dynamics and altered tilt direction of the peptide. While the charged residues at the peptide termini did not cause significant changes relative to the GWALP23 sequence, leucine to arginine mutations close to the peptide center led to dramatic consequences. Thus GWALP23-R14 retained a transmembrane topology, with the orientation and dynamics largely governed by the arginine residue, while GWALP23-R12 adopted multistate behavior in DOPC, with both transmembrane and interfacial states being populated. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, performed by collaborators, yielded substantial agreement concerning the interactions among arginine, tryptophan and lipid bilayers. Further insights into the multistate behavior of GWALP23-R12 were acquired by altering the host sequence to the isomeric GW3,21ALP23, which offers a longer separation between the tryptophan anchor residues. Both the L12R and L14R mutants of this modified sequence retained transmembrane topology, suggesting that the unique arrangement of tryptophan and arginine residues in GWALP23-R12 is responsible for its multistate character. In addition to serving as a host sequence, GWALP23 itself was modified for an investigation of hydrophobic matching, by shifting the tryptophan residues outward toward the termini (GW3,21ALP23) or inward toward the center (GW7,17ALP23), leading to peptide isomers with identical amino acid composition, but different effective hydrophobic (inter-Trp) lengths. In addition to altered tilt angles, tryptophan side chain reorientation was investigated and was found to provide additional response to hydrophobic mismatch conditions. In selected cases the 2H NMR data were analyzed in conjunction with restraints from separated local-field 15N solid-state NMR spectra. The combined analysis of the 2H and 15N NMR data provided multiple constraints and proved advantageous for explicit modeling of the peptide dynamics

    Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ энСргСтичСской эффСктивности дСфибрилляционных ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции

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    The aim of this study is to compare, on the basis of the guaranteed defibrillation hypothesis, the energy efficiency of a trapezoidal defibrillation pulse with fixed rise and fall times with the main types of defibrillation pulses: truncated exponential with the tilt of 50%, rectangular and half-sine. The study was carried out using the ten Tusscher–Panfilov 2006 human ventricular myocyte model subjected to simulated fibrillation in the BeatBox simulation environment. Depolarizing excitation stimuli with a high frequency were used to simulate fibrillation. The results of computer simulation based on the hypothesis of the guaranteed defibrillation showed that defibrillation pulses are energetically efficient (have low values of threshold energy of defibrillation) in a rather narrow range of phase duration values, beyond which a rapid increase in the threshold energy is observed. In terms of energy efficiency, the trapezoidal pulse with the sloping rise and fall is very close to the half-sine one, and at the same time it has a wider range of energetically effective durations.Significantly higher minimum threshold energy of guaranteed defibrillation is a characteristic of rectangular and truncated exponential pulses, while the truncated exponential pulse has a more uniform characteristic in the area of energetically effective durations. From the results obtained, it can be assumed that the maximum duration of the phases of the defibrillation pulse should be limited to the value of no more than 9ms. In this case, the nominal delivered energy at the load impedance of 175Ω should be at least 140J. The possibility of increasing the pulse duration without a significant drop in its energy efficiency will ensure the delivery of more energy in patients with high transthoracic impedance and, accordingly, a greater probability of successful defibrillation. The above will also increase the probability of successful defibrillation in patients with defibrillation electrodes placement errors.Β Gorbunov B. B., Vostrikov V. A., Nesterenko I. V., Telyshev D. V. Comparison of the energy efficiency of defibrillation pulses based on the hypothesis of guaranteed defibrillation. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(4):353–368. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.4.002.ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования являСтся сравнСниС Π½Π° основС Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции энСргСтичСской эффСктивности биполярного Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° с фиксированной Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ срСза с основными Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ дСфибрилляционных ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ²: классичСской Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (truncated exponential) со спадом Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ 50%, ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлирования Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ дСфибрилляционныС ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‹ энСргСтичСски эффСктивны (ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ значСния ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ энСргии дСфибрилляции) Π² достаточно ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ„Π°Π·, Π·Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ быстрый рост ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ энСргии. По энСргСтичСской эффСктивности Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ срСзом ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ энСргСтичСски эффСктивных Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ. БущСствСнно Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ классичСский Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ со спадом Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ 0,5 ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΡ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом классичСский Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ характСристику Π² области энСргСтичСски эффСктивных Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ. Из ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„Π°Π· дСфибрилляционного ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° слСдуСт ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 9 мс. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом номинальная выдСлСнная энСргия Π½Π° сопротивлСнии Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ 175 Ом Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 140 Π”ΠΆ. Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ увСличСния Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π· Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ падСния Π΅Π³ΠΎ энСргСтичСской эффСктивности ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ большСй энСргии Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с высоким сопротивлСниСм Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ, соотвСтствСнно, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ провСдСния ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ провСдСния ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ… налоТСния дСфибрилляционных элСктродов ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ использовании сухих ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… дСфибрилляционных элСктродов.Β Π“ΠΎΡ€Π±ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π‘.Π‘., Востриков Π’.А., НСстСрСнко И.Π’., Π’Π΅Π»Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π² Π”.Π’. Π‘Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ энСргСтичСской эффСктивности дСфибрилляционных ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ Π³Π°Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции. Ural Radio Engineering Journal. 2021;5(4):353–368. DOI: 10.15826/urej.2021.5.4.002.

    Improvement of the organizational support of public water management in Ukraine at the national level

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    Π£ статті виявлСно Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρ– полоТСння Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ— систСми Ρ‚Π° систСмної ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌΡƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами. Π’Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ класичні визначСння Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Ρ‚Π° наявні ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ управління природокористуванням, Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ трактування поняття Β«Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами». Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ систСмний ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…Ρ–Π΄ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½Ρƒ систСму Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами Ρ‚Π° розглянуто Ρ—Ρ— основні складові: ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‡Π° підсистСма, ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° підсистСма, Π·Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ зв’язок, ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ². Π’Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈ досвід Ρ–Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ схСму Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— управління Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ рСсурсами Π² Π£ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ—Π½Ρ– Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Ρ–Π²Π½Ρ– Ρ‚Π° Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ склад ΠΠ°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡ— Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈ. На ΠΎcΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ– «водорСсурсного» ΠΏΡ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ зміст завдань Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ” Ρ–Π· поводТСння Π· Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ як Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ рСсурсом, забСзпСчСння Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ†Ρ–Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π³Π°Π»ΡƒΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ Ρ– насСлСння, Π° Π½Π΅ Π· водою як Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ—Ρ— використанні, Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ схСму ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρ– повноваТСнь Ρ‚Π° вдосконалСння ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Ρ–Π·Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— структури Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управління Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ–ΠΉ сфСрі.The article revealed the theoretical and methodological provision of public water management system by formulating the generalized system model and mechanism of state water management. Due to the classical definition of governance and existing approaches to environmental management the interpretation of the term Β«public water managementΒ» is proposed. Using a systematic approach summarizes the system of public water management and considered its main components: control subsystem, controlled subsystem, feedback, control action. Based on the experience of foreign countries the scheme of reorganization of water management in Ukraine at the national level and composition of the National Water Council are proposed. Based on Β«water resourcesΒ» approach, when the content of tasks resulting from the treatment of water as a natural resource, ensuring them a whole sectors of the economy and the population, not with water as a commodity with direct its use scheme of devolution and improve the organizational structure of public administration in the water sector.Β The effectiveness of the functioning of the public administration mechanism by any social and production processes depends to a large extent on its organizational support. Public administration of water resources in Ukraine in the Soviet era was built on the principles of authoritarian and command management with the adoption and implementation of decisions under the rigid "top-down" scheme and the construction of appropriate organizational management schemes within the administrative division of the country's territory in the regions and districts. The domestic system of state management of water resources still has the remnants of the administrative-command control system, organizational incompleteness, inter-sectoral orientation, and the dispersion of functions among many state authorities.With the introduction in Ukraine of the principles of integrated management and management of river basins, which are the main ones in the EU Water Framework Directive and which are based on the laws and regulations of Ukraine on water development, in particular the Water Code of Ukraine, laws and government resolutions, the search for ways to improve the organizational mechanisms of state water resources management according to European requirements is becoming relevant

    Π­Ρ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ элСктричСской дСфибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСрдца: экспСримСнт ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°

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    The paper provides the results of the 1990β€”2010 experimental and clinical studies on the optimization of the efficiency of electrical ventricular defibrillation using the Russian bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse. The comprehensive study of the influence of major cardiac and extracardiac factors, such as heart failure, the type and duration of fibrillation, its amplitude and frequency characteristics, chest resistance, electrode sizes, administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, and phase 2 impulse amplitude on the efficiency and safety of defibrillation, could formulate a number of new propositions and solve some methodological and methodic issues. The dose-dependent effectiveness of the quasi-sinusoidal impulse has been first investigated in patients with induced, spontaneous primary and secondary fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Low-energy (Key words: defibrillation, bipolar quasi-sinusoidal impulse.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ клиничСских исслСдований (1990β€”2010 Π³.), посвящСнных ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ эффСктивности элСктричСской дСфибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² сСрдца отСчСствСнным ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠΎΠΌ биполярной ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. КомплСксноС ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ влияния основных ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ: сСрдСчная Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ фибрилляции, Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-частотныС характСристики, сопротивлСниС Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ элСктродов, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ антиаритмичСских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄Π° 2-ΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°) Π½Π° ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ дСфибрилляции ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ мСтодологичСскиС ΠΈ мСтодичСскиС вопросы. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдована дозозависимая ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, спонтанной ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ фибрилляциСй, ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π°Ρ…ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. УстановлСна высокая ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ разрядов нСбольшой энСрги

    ЭлСктричСская дСфибрилляция ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ остановкС сСрдца Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ этапС

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    The past decade is marked by very high cardiovascular mortality rates in Russia. Sudden death caused by ventricular fibrillation and asystole is one of the leading reasons for the high mortality. Sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs in as high as 70β€”80% of the cases. The key factor that determines the success of resuscitation and survival in patients with cardiac arrest due to fibrillation is early defibrillation (within the first 5 minutes). Small-sized automated external defibrilla-tors that can be used not only by medical workers, but also paramedics and educated population should be introduced into prehospital resuscitative care to solve this problem in this country.ПослСднСС дСсятилСтиС Π² России отмСчаСтся ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ высокая Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ сСрдСчно-сосудистых Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Одной ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ высокой Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ являСтся внСзапная сСрдСчная ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΡŒ вслСдствиС развития фибрилляции ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ асистолии. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π΄ΠΎ 70β€”80% случаСв Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ остановки сСрдца происходит Π²Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹. ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ успСх Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ выТиваСмости Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с остановкой сСрдца вслСдствиС фибрилляции, являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ (Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… 5 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚) дСфибрилляции. Для ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π² нашСй странС Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°Π±Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ автоматичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ дСфибрилляторы, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ мСдицинскиС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ насСлСниС

    НСозаглавлСн

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    The prevalence of obesity and overweight is one of the most pressing problems nowadays. Obesity as a comorbid condition affects all body systems. Obesity has been reported to be a risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases and oncopathology, but also for fertility problems, many obstetric and perinatal complications worsening the maternal and infant health. The balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system is one of the indicators of the state of human homeostasis. Today it is proved that obesity is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidant protection. This review reveals a close relationship between obesity, oxidative stress and reproductive problems

    Explosions of water clusters in intense laser fields

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    Energetic, highly-charged oxygen ions, Oq+O^{q+} (q≀6q\leq 6), are copiously produced upon laser field-induced disassembly of highly-charged water clusters, (H2O)n(H_2O)_n and (D2O)n(D_2O)_n, n∼n\sim 60, that are formed by seeding high-pressure helium or argon with water vapor. ArnAr_n clusters (n∼\sim40000) formed under similar experimental conditions are found undergo disassembly in the Coulomb explosion regime, with the energies of Arq+Ar^{q+} ions showing a q2q^2 dependence. Water clusters, which are argued to be considerably smaller in size, should also disassemble in the same regime, but the energies of fragment Oq+^{q+} ions are found to depend linearly on qq which, according to prevailing wisdom, ought to be a signature of hydrodynamic expansion that is expected of much larger clusters. The implication of these observations on our understanding of the two cluster explosion regimes, Coulomb explosion and hydrodynamic expansion, is discussed. Our results indicate that charge state dependences of ion energy do not constitute an unambiguous experimental signature of cluster explosion regime.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

    ΠžΡ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ история дСфибрилляции сСрдца

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    The year 2012 is the anniversary year of the Russian history of cardiac defibrillation. Two anniversaries associated with the name of N. L. Gurvich, the founder of impulse defibrillation by high-voltage capacitor discharge, are being celebrated this year.2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ β€” ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ для отСчСствСнной истории развития дСфибрилляции сСрдца. Π’ этом Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° юбилСя, связанныС с ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ Н. Π›. Π“ΡƒΡ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π° β€” основополоТника ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ дСфибрилляции Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ разрядом кондСнсатора
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