Separação e identificação de sementes de plantas não cultivadas ou espontâneas em áreas agrícolas.

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Evaluering av behandling av recurrensparese

The voice is part of human identity and also an important tool for communication. Voice disorders can therefore cause physical, social and emotional limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment procedures for patients with unilateral vocal fold paresis at Haukeland University Hospital (HUH). The study was based on the following research questions: 1) Does the treatment given at HUH result in improved quality of voice and improved voice related quality of life for patients with vocal fold paresis? 2) Does additional disease affect patients’ voice related starting point before treatment, and patients’ treatment effect? Initially there will be presented knowledge about the anatomy of voice production, different voice disorders, and how to examine these. Further knowledge about vocal fold paresis will be presented, as well as evidence of treatment. In order to evaluate the treatment procedures at HUH, a patient group of 33 people was included. The evaluation was based on the patients’ self-assessed voice quality and voice related quality of life, as well as their maximum phonation time, before and after treatment. Voice quality and voice related quality of life were measured through the self-assessment tools Voice Related Quality of Life (VRQOL), Voice Handicap Index-30(N) (VHI-30(N)) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Based on our own findings and previous research, the study may be passed on to clinical work in active patient care.Stemmen er en del av menneskets identitet og er et viktig redskap for kommunikasjon. En stemmevanske kan dermed medføre fysiske, sosiale og emosjonelle begrensninger. Formålet med denne studien var å evaluere behandlingstilbudet for pasienter med stemmevansken unilateral recurrensparese ved Haukeland Universitetssykehus (HUS). Følgende problemstillinger ble anvendt: 1) Resulterer behandlingen ved HUS i forbedret stemmekvalitet og stemmerelatert livskvalitet hos pasienter med recurrensparese? 2) Påvirker tilleggssykdom pasientenes stemmerelaterte utgangspunkt før behandling, og pasientenes effekt av behandling? På bakgrunn av dette tar studien først for seg anatomiske forutsetninger for stemmeproduksjon, ulike stemmevansker og utredning av stemmevansker. Studien fokuserer videre på kunnskap om stemmevansken recurrensparese, samt evidens om behandling for diagnosen. For å evaluere behandlingstilbudet ved HUS, ble en pasientgruppe på 33 personer inkludert. Evalueringen ble basert på pasientenes selvevaluerte stemmekvalitet og stemmerelaterte livskvalitet, samt på deres maksimale fonasjonstid, før og etter behandling. Stemmekvalitet og stemmerelatert livskvalitet ble målt gjennom selvevalueringsverktøyene Voice Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), Voice Handicap Index30(N) (VHI-30(N)) og Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Basert på egne funn og tidligere forskning vil studien kunne videreformidles til klinisk arbeid i aktiv pasientbehandling.Masteroppgave i logopediLOGO345MAPS-LOG0

Efeito da palhada de trigo na emergência de digitaria insularis (capim-amargoso).

Herbicidas são importantes alternativas de controle, mas devem ser utilizados como parte integrante de um programa de manejo de plantas daninhas. Resultados de pesquisas mostram que o controle químico das plantas daninhas na Soja RR é facilitado ao ser integrado com outras práticas, especialmente como o cultivo de espécies que possibilitem a formação de palhada. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação , com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da palhada de trigo sobre a emergência de capim-amargoso, uma espécie que está se disseminado nas áreas de produção e apresenta biótipos resistentes ao glifosato. Cinquenta sementes viáveis de capim-amargoso foram semeadas em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 3,5 L, preparado com três partes de terra e uma parte de composto orgânico associado a adubo formulado. No primeiro experimento o solo foi superficialmente coberto com palha de trigo picada, tendo sido estabelecidas oito diferentes quantidades, cada uma representando um tratamento: 1. Sem cobertura ou 0 tonelada/ha; 2. Equivalente a 1 tonelada/ha; 3. Equivalente a 2 toneladas/ha; 4. Equivalente a 3 toneladas/ha; 5. Equivalente a 4 toneladas/ha; 6. O segundo experimento foi instalado com os mesmos tratamentos, adicionando-se mais um com o equivalente a 8 toneladas/há. Foi possível concluir que a palhada de trigo pode ser uma alternativa para compor o manejo integrado em áreas infestadas com capim-amargoso, desde que seja em quantidade igual ou superior a 4 toneladas por hectare

Levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol.

O levantamento fitossociológico da comunidade de plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol foi realizado em duas épocas distintas: no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura (entre 20 e 40 dias após a semeadura) e na pré-colheita do girassol. As espécies de plantas daninhas foram identificadas e quantificadas pelo método do quadrado inventário (1,0 x 1,0 m), com amostragem de 12 m2 por área. Os levantamentos foram realizados em 54 propriedades de seis municípios da região do cerrado e em 38 propriedades de oito municípios da região dos pampas, que são as duas principais regiões produtoras brasileiras. Foram registrados a frequência, a frequência relativa, a densidade, a densidade relativa, a abundância, a abundância relativa, o índice de importância relativa e o índice de similaridade. No total, foram identificadas 60 espécies de plantas daninhas, sendo 17 presentes em ambas as regiões. Asteraceae e Poaceae foram as duas principais famílias, entre as 16 encontradas. As principais espécies presentes no cerrado foram Euphorbia heterophylla, Chamaesyce hirta, Ageratum conyzoides, Commelina benghalensis, Zea mays e Bidens sp. As principais espécies presentes no Rio Grande do Sul foram Bidens sp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Lolium multiflorum, Gnaphalium spicatum, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Sida rhombifolia, Digitaria sp. e Ipomea sp. A densidade das plantas daninhas foi maior na fase de pré-colheita do que no desenvolvimento inicial da cultura, em ambas as regiões, sendo de 30,84 plantas m-2 e 23,58 plantas m-2, respectivamente, para o cerrado, e de 23,19 plantas m-2 e 21,41 plantas m-2, para o Rio Grande do Sul. O índice de similaridade dentro das regiões foi de 0,91 para os levantamentos do cerrado e de 0,79 para os do Rio Grande do Sul. Entretanto, entre as regiões, os índices ficaram abaixo de 0,5, mostrando similaridade mediana entre a flora daninha do cerrado e a do Rio Grande do Sul, na cultura do girassol, nas duas épocas estudadas.Palavras-chave: competição, fitossociologia, Helianthus annuus, infestação. A phytosociological survey of the weed communities present in sunflower crop was carried out during two distinct crop stages: early development and pre-harvest. Weed species were identified and quantified according to the inventory square method (1.0 x 1.0 m), using 12 m2 of sampling per area surveyed. At each stage, the survey was carried out on 54 farms of six counties of the cerrado (savanna region, Central Brazil) and 38 farms of eight counties of the Pampas (region in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the Southernmost state in Brazil), which are the two main Brazilian sunflower production regions. Frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, abundance, relative abundance, relative importance index, and similarity index were computed. A total of 60 weed species were identified, 17 of which were present in both regions. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the two main families among the 16 found. The main species present in the cerrado were Euphorbia heterophylla, Chamaesyce hirta, Ageratum conyzoides, Commelina benghalensis, Zea mays and Bidens sp. The most abundant species present in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were Bidens sp., Raphanus raphanistrum, Lolium multiflorum, Gnaphalium spicatum, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Sida rhombifolia, Digitaria sp. and Ipomea sp. Weed density was higher at pre-harvest than at the early stage of the crop, in both regions: 30.84 plants m-2 and 23.58 plants m-2, respectively, for the cerrado region and 23.19 plants m-2 FORMATAR and 21.41 plants m-2, respectively, for the Pampas region. The similarity index within each region was 0.91 for the cerrado and 0.79 for the Pampas. Nevertheless, the region indices remained below 0.5, showing median similarity between the weed flora affecting sunflower crop at the ?cerrado? and that at the ?Pampas? during the two growth stages studied

Rethinking Sudan Studies: A Post-2011 Manifesto

Abstract This essay appraises “Sudan Studies” following the 2011 secession of South Sudan. It asks two questions. First, what has Sudan Studies been as a colonial and postcolonial field of academic inquiry and how should or must it change? Second, should we continue to write about a single arena of Sudan Studies now that Sudan has split apart? The authors advance a “manifesto” for Sudan Studies by urging scholars to map out more intellectual terrain by attending to non-elite actors and women; grass-roots and local history; the environment and the arts; oral sources; and interdisciplinary studies of culture, politics, and society. They propose that scholars can transcend the changing boundaries of the nation-state, and recognize connections forged through past and present migrations and contacts, by studying the Sudan as a zone rather than a fixed country. Finally, in their introduction to this bilingual special issue, they highlight the increasing relevance of French scholarship to the endeavor of rethinking Sudan Studies. Résumé Cet essai évalue la situation des « études soudanaises » après la sécession du Soudan du Sud. Il pose deux questions. La première : En quoi ont consisté les études soudanaises en tant que domaine colonial et postcolonial de recherche universitaire et dans quelle mesure doivent-elles changer, si tant est qu\u27elles doivent changer ? La seconde : Devrions-nous continuer à baser nos écrits sur un domaine unique d\u27études soudanaises maintenant que le Soudan est divisé ? Les auteurs proposent un « manifeste » pour les études soudanaises en exhortant les experts à cartographier un terrain intellectuel élargi en s\u27intéressant aux acteurs ne faisant pas partie des élites et des femmes ; à l\u27histoire de la base populaire et locale ; à l\u27environnement et à l\u27art ; aux sources orales ; et aux études interdisciplinaires portant sur la culture, la politique et la société. Ils avancent que les chercheurs peuvent aller au-delà des frontières en mutation de l\u27État-nation et reconnaitre les connexions établies grâce aux migrations et aux contacts passés et présents en étudiant le Soudan comme zone plutôt que comme un pays fixe. Enfin, dans leur introduction à ce numéro bilingue spécial, ils mettent en relief la pertinence croissance des travaux universitaires français dans le cadre de l\u27initiative visant à repenser les études soudanaises

A complementary method for detecting qi vacuity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Qi vacuity (QV) is defined by traditional Chinese medicine as a loss of energy in the human body. An objective method for detecting QV was not available until recently, however. The automatic reflective diagnosis system (ARDK) is a device that detects human bioenergy through measuring skin conductance at 24 special acupoints on the wrists and ankles.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study used the ARDK to measure skin conductance on 193 patients with QV and 89 sex- and age-matched healthy controls to investigate whether the device is useful in detecting QV. Patients diagnosed with QV have three or more of five symptoms or signs; symptom severity is measured on 5 levels and scored from 0 to 4 points. We compared the difference in the mean ARDK values between patients with QV and healthy controls, and further used linear regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the mean ARDK values and QV scores in patients diagnosed with QV.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean ARDK values in patients with QV (30.2 ± 16.8 μA) are significantly lower than those of healthy controls (37.7 ± 10.8 μA; <it>P </it>< 0.001). A negative correlation was found between the mean ARDK values and QV scores (<it>r </it>coefficient = -0.61; <it>P </it>< 0.001). After adjusting for age, the decreased mean ARDK values in patients with QV showed a significant correlation with the QV scores.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that the mean ARDK values reflect the severity of QV in patients diagnosed with the disorder. They also suggest that the bioenergy level of the human body can be measured by skin conductance. ARDK is a safe and effective complementary method for detecting and diagnosing QV.</p

Immunization expands B cells specific to HIV-1 V3 glycan in mice and macaques.

Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protect against infection with HIV-1 in animal models, suggesting that a vaccine that elicits these antibodies would be protective in humans. However, it has not yet been possible to induce adequate serological responses by vaccination. Here, to activate B cells that express precursors of broadly neutralizing antibodies within polyclonal repertoires, we developed an immunogen, RC1, that facilitates the recognition of the variable loop 3 (V3)-glycan patch on the envelope protein of HIV-1. RC1 conceals non-conserved immunodominant regions by the addition of glycans and/or multimerization on virus-like particles. Immunization of mice, rabbits and rhesus macaques with RC1 elicited serological responses that targeted the V3-glycan patch. Antibody cloning and cryo-electron microscopy structures of antibody-envelope complexes confirmed that immunization with RC1 expands clones of B cells that carry the anti-V3-glycan patch antibodies, which resemble precursors of human broadly neutralizing antibodies. Thus, RC1 may be a suitable priming immunogen for sequential vaccination strategies in the context of polyclonal repertoires