Bovinne papillomaviruses

Bovinní papilomaviry (BPV) jsou malé neobalené dsDNA viry patřící do čeledi Papillomaviridae. Jakkoli jedním ze znaků této čeledi je vysoká druhová a tkáňová specifita, některé bovinní papilomavirů představují v tomto směru výjimku a jsou schopny infikovat i jiné skupiny obratlovců, jakkoli přenos na člověka zatím nebyl prokázán. Jako všechny viry z této skupiny, i BPV mají značný tumorogenní potenciál, zejména při infekci nepermisivních buněk. I v přirozeném hostiteli ale způsobují klinické onemocnění tvorbou papilomat, která mohou interferovat s životními projevy hostitele a způsobovat značné hospodářské ztráty. BPV byly dlouhá léta modelovými organismy pro studium svých lidských protějšků (lidské papilomaviry, HPV). V posledních letech ale studium BPV poněkud upadá, zastíněno úspěchem vakcín proti HPV. Tento úspěch ale zároveň otevírá možnost vývoje podobných vakcín proti BPV s cílem zamezit onemocnění hospodářských zvířat v chovech. Aby bylo možné úspěšně na takové vakcíně pracovat, je třeba nejdříve pochopit funkce viru a virových proteinů a mechanismus jejich interakce s hostitelskou buňkou. Stejně tak je třeba zmapovat jednotlivé BPV a jejich podobnosti a odlišnosti s ohledem na specifika jednotlivých typů. Takový přehled předkládá tato práce. Klíčová slova: bovinní papilomavirus, nemoci,...Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are small nonenveloped dsDNA viruses belong to the family Papillomaviridae. One of the characters of this family is strong species and tissue specificity, but some BPVs are represent an exception and they are able to infecting other groups of vertebrates. However transmission on human has not been proved yet. All viruses from this groups, including BPV have considerable tumorigenic potential, in particular for the infection non-permissive cells. In the natural host, they are causing clinical disease, which manifest papillomas, that may interfere with host of life what cause considerable economic loss. BPV served as model organisms for study. Papillomavirus family and these findings helps understand their human counterparts (human papillomaviruses, HPV). Recently, studies of BPV are not so frequent, overshadowed the success of vaccines against HPV. To the other hand, this success is encouradged for as to develop the similar vaccines against BPV order to avoid disease of farm animals. The successful development working on such a vaccine, is needed understand function virus and viral proteins and mechanism their interaction with the host cell. It is also necessary to map individual BPV their similarites and differences that to the specifics of each types. This work...Department of Genetics and MicrobiologyKatedra genetiky a mikrobiologiePřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

The comparison of the durability properties of PES materials made with the classic method and from the recycled PET sources

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá porovnáním trvanlivostních vlastností polyesterových materiálů vyrobených klasickým způsobem a materiálů vyrobených z recyklovaných PET zdrojů.Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na technologii výroby recyklovaných polyesterových vláken a jejich využití v textilním a oděvním průmyslu. V poslední kapitole teoretické části je uvedena analýza trvanlivostních vlastností s ohledem na účel použití fleece materiálů vyrobených z recyklovaných PET zdrojů.V praktické části je popsán samotný experiment, ve kterém se porovnává pevnost, tažnost, žmolkovitost a stálobarevnost textilií z klasického a z recyklovaného polyesteru. Dále jsou oba typy materiálů vystaveny vlivu UV záření a vlivu údržby, respektive praní. Výsledky jsou porovnány s naměřenými výchozími hodnotami a jsou vidět v tabulkách a grafech.The main focus of the thesis is to compare the attributes of polyester materials that were produced using classic manufacturing process and the ones created from recycled PET sources. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the technology of the production of recycled polyester fibres and their use in the textile and clothing industry. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis contains analysis of the durability properties while taking into account use of the fleece materials made from recycled PET sources. The practical part of the thesis contains the description of the experiment which compares several qualitative attributes between classic and recycled polyester material. Both types of the material are as well exposed to UV radiation and cleaning (specifically washing). The results of the experiment are compared with the originally measured values and documented in the tables and graphs

Preparation and Optimisation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates Using Native Isolate White Rot Fungi Trametes versicolor and Fomes fomentarius for the Decolourisation of Synthetic Dyes

The key to obtaining an optimum performance of an enzyme is often a question of devising a suitable enzyme and optimisation of conditions for its immobilization. In this study, laccases from the native isolates of white rot fungi Fomes fomentarius and/or Trametes versicolor, obtained from Czech forests, were used. From these, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) were prepared and characterised when the experimental conditions were optimized. Based on the optimization steps, saturated ammonium sulphate solution (75 wt.%) was used as the precipitating agent, and different concentrations of glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent were investigated. CLEA aggregates formed under the optimal conditions showed higher catalytic efficiency and stabilities (thermal, pH, and storage, against denaturation) as well as high reusability compared to free laccase for both fungal strains. The best concentration of glutaraldehyde seemed to be 50 mM and higher efficiency of cross-linking was observed at a low temperature 4 degrees C. An insignificant increase in optimum pH for CLEA laccases with respect to free laccases for both fungi was observed. The results show that the optimum temperature for both free laccase and CLEA laccase was 35 degrees C for T. versicolor and 30 degrees C for F. fomentarius. The CLEAs retained 80% of their initial activity for Trametes and 74% for Fomes after 70 days of cultivation. Prepared cross-linked enzyme aggregates were also investigated for their decolourisation activity on malachite green, bromothymol blue, and methyl red dyes. Immobilised CLEA laccase from Trametes versicolor showed 95% decolourisation potential and CLEA from Fomes fomentarius demonstrated 90% decolourisation efficiency within 10 h for all dyes used. These results suggest that these CLEAs have promising potential in dye decolourisation.O

Antioxidant activity of yoghurt supplemented with natural additives

The aims of this study were the estimation of difference in physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of yoghurts supplemented by different natural additives. In addition, the changes in physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity during five weeks storage were performed. The change in antioxidant activities was evaluated using the ABTS radical cations decolorizing assay. The statistical analysis showed that the yoghurt samples with the natural supplement have higher antioxidant activity than the plain yoghurt. In addition, the storage period affect the yoghurt properties by increasing its acidity and antioxidant activities by increasing the storage time. Furthermore, the plain and supplemented yoghurts are still consumable until the fifth week of storage but the favourable time to consume it with its higher antioxidant capacity is the 3rd week of storage

Induction of Laccase, Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase Activities in White-Rot Fungi Using Copper Complexes

Ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, are biotechnologically-important enzymes. The ability of five white-rot fungal strains Daedaleopsis confragosa, Fomes fomentarius, Trametes gibbosa, Trametes suaveolens and Trametes versicolor to produce these enzymes has been studied. Three different copper(II) complexes have been prepared ((Him)[Cu(im)4(H2O)2](btc) 3H2O, where im = imidazole, H3btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, [Cu3(pmdien)3(btc)](ClO4)3 6H2O) and [Cu3(mdpta)3(btc)](ClO4)3 4H2O, where pmdien = N,N,N0,N0 0, N0 0-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and mdpta = N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)methyl-amine), and their potential application for laccase and peroxidases induction have been tested. The enzyme-inducing activities of the complexes were compared with that of copper sulfate, and it has been found that all of the complexes are suitable for the induction of laccase and peroxidase activities in white-rot fungi; however, the newly-synthesized complex M1 showed the greatest potential for the induction. With respect to the different copper inducers, this parameter seems to be important for enzyme activity, which depends also on the fungal strains

Specific use of art therapy in foster family

This bachelor´s thesis Specific use of art therapy in foster family deals with problematic of family, of the forms of substitute nurturance in the Czech Republic, of adaptation to adopted children, of trauma attachment disorders and their forms. This bachelor´s thesis describes potential danger and problems of adaptation of deprived child into new family. The methods of art therapy with such children are the way out for practical part of bachelor´s thesis, where is described family art therapy with specific foster family with four adopted children

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Norway Spruce (Picea abies H. Karst.) and Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) Cone Extracts

According to recent studies, Norway spruce cones and eastern hemlock cones possess exceptionally high antioxidant capacities; however, the antioxidant efficiency of extractives and their bioactive effects have yet to be investigated in detail. The present article utilizes state-of-the art analytical chemical methodology and chemometric evaluation to reveal cone extractives with the highest antioxidant potential, accounting for possible bioactive effects. Antioxidant properties were determined by the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu’s total phenol content (TPC) assay. Structure and relative polyphenol concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/tandem mass spectrometry. The antibacterial testing was conducted using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Using correlation analysis and factor analysis, a scoring evaluation was implemented to determine and compare the antioxidant efficiency of extractives. In Norway spruce, piceatannol-O-hexoside and coumaric acid derivatives were found to be the most powerful antioxidants, while in eastern hemlock, kaempferol glycosides were the most powerful. The antibacterial test did not show any promising antimicrobial activity against E. coli, although a visible inhibitory effect on S. aureus strain was observed

Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill on Environment – a Case Study

As the final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), landfill, is the oldest and the most common form of removal and disposal of waste. It is well known that the impact of MSW landfills can cause pollution of all environmental components. The negative environmental impact of landfills can be reduced by applying protection technologies and appropriate solid waste management technologies. The present study undertook monitoring of the Štěpánovice MSW landfill influence on the environment. The spatial characteristics of the area impacted by the landfill and the possible impact of leachate using phytotoxicity tests was carried out. The landfill itself is engineered, with bottom liner and leachate and landfill gas collection and treatment system. The landfill has not direct and significant influence on surrounding environment and water quality so far